















♦ 4* ** • 









9* » 



V'^^'V 






v^V-' 






t • O 








5>^ 






./%. 






** v \ 



W 




w v .*»\ v,/ -isftfe W 



• / > 




UNDER THE HAT OF PEW 



Poor Richard's 

DICTIONARY of 
PHILADELPHIA 



Being an unusual collection of 
interesting facts that are be- 
coming more generally known 
about Historic and Commercial 

PHILADELPHIA 




PHILADELPHIA 

J. B. Lippincott Company 



Fis 
■ 6~ 



Compiled by 
FRANK H. TAYLOR 



Copyright, 19 16, by 
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 



.' ' NOV -9 1315 

Set up and Electrotyped at the 
WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON 



'CI.A445571 



THE HOME OF THE 

Annals of Surgery 




227 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia 

Eight Squares East of the Bellevue-Stratford 



With the close of the year 1916, the 
J. B. Lippincott Company, Publishers of 
the ANNALS OF SURGERY, rounds out 
one century and a quarter of successful 
book publishing and the ANNALS 
completes its thirty-second year — as Dr. 
W. J. Mayo so well said, " the foremost 



surgical journal of the world," and more, he 
added, "I have read every number and 
almost every article." 

It can truly be said that the sun never 
sets on each succeeding issue of this pub- 
lication. As regularly as the first of each 
month comes around many thousands of 
copies begin a separate journey to nearly 
every part of the world. Here is a list of 
the countries to which it is sent each month. 



Sweden 

India 

Argentine 

Persia 

China 

Denmark 

Siam 

Haiti 

Japan 

Chile 

Brazil 

Belgium 

Mexico 

Ecuador 

Porto Rico 

Nicaragua 



Italy 

France 

Austria 

Switzerland 

Portugal 

guatamala 

Jamaica 

Hungary 

Uruguay 

Canada 

Australia 

Egypt 

Germany 

Netherlands 

New Zealand 

England 



— not a single copy, but many copies. Japan 
alone gets 13; China. 9; Australia. 37; New 
Zealand, 7; Canada, 364: even Si am gets 3, 
while England receives 455. 

Eighteen different languages and 25 
nationalities are represented on our sub- 
scription list. 

As an illustration of authoritative and 
timely articles and the alertness of the 
Editorial staff the following achievement is 
incomparable. 

The great war in Europe was officially 
declared July 28, 1914. Just 3 days before 
(July 25) the ANNALS OF SURGERY 
issued a special number on War Surgery 
with articles contributed by Prof. De Page, 
of Brussels; Prof. Witzel, of Dusseldorf; Dr. 
P. vonKuzmik, of Budapest; Dr. E. Ullman, 
of Vienna; Dr. Henri Hartman, of Paris, 
and Dr. J. F. Binnie, of Kansas City. 

From the very first number issued — 32 
years ago — to the present time the edi- 
torial management has been in the hands 
of Dr. Lewis Stephen Pilcher, generally 
acknowledged one of the ablest editors the 
profession has ever known, and the 



ANNALS stands to-day a glorious monu- 
ment to his ability and discernment. 

The interest shown in the ANNALS OF 
SURGERY by recognized surgical author- 
ities the world over warrants the statement 
that in a greater measure than ever before 
does the ANNALS adequately represent the 
best surgical work and thought everywhere. 

The illustrations continue to be a marked 
feature of the book, the general typo- 
graphical make-up being such as to par- 
ticularly fit it to present the best results 
attainable by modern illustrative art. 

We extend a hand of welcome to the 
visitors of the North American Congress of 
Clinical Surgeons on this, their second 
visit to Philadelphia. We give you a most 
cordial invitation to visit us during your 
stay here. Come see the home of the 
ANNALS OF SURGERY — see what is 
being accomplished under one roof. You 
will then understand how it is possible for 
J. B. Lippincott Company to have so many 
publications that " are foremost in the 
world." 



SITUATION, ADVANTAGES AND COLONIAL 
HISTORY OF THE QUAKER CITY 

On the banks of the Delaware, ninety-six miles 
from the ocean, stands the famous Quaker City — 
Philadelphia — third in the United States, ninth 
in the world, in population, and in certain respects 
ranking among the first of them all. Thus, in 
some of its industries it has no rival, while as a 
city of small and comfortable homes for its work- 
ing people it stands above any other upon the 
earth. A dream of beauty in its environs, an 
unsurpassed mart of industry in its manufact- 
uring section, and a realm of commodious homes 
in its residence districts, the people of Philadelphia 
have every reason to be proud of the Metropolis 
of Pennsylvania to which their active and intel- 
ligent labors have given rise. 

In the year 1681, when the English king, Charles 
II, sold to William Perm a great tract of land 
which he did not own, it presented a very dif- 
ferent aspect. Forests covered its site, tenanted 
only by wandering Indians and a few Swedish 
farmers who had made small clearings. Only a 
few hundred settlers, Swedes, Dutch and British, 
then occupied this portion of the New World, and 
there was every opportunity to build up the great 
and free Quaker community which the new pro- 
prietor had in mind. Commissioners were sent by 
him to the Delaware to select a suitable site for 
the city which he proposed to build. They were 
told to examine Upland, a Swedish settlement 
farther down the stream, since known as Chester. 
But they selected for the proposed city what 
seemed to them a more available site, some miles 



to the north. Here a second navigable river, 
called Schuylkill by the Dutch, ran into the larger 
stream and seemed to double its opportunities for 
commerce. When, in the following year, Penn 
sought his new domain in the good ship Welcome 
he was highly pleased with the site chosen by his 
agents, it appearing to him admirably fitted by 
Nature for the upbuilding of a great city. 

Penn was no ordinary man. In those days, when 
tyranny, religious bigotry, and cruel punishments 
for light crimes widely prevailed, he lost no time 
in giving his people powers of suffrage and self- 
government, and complete religious liberty, and 
cut down the penalty of death for crime to murder 
and treason. At that time people were hanged in 
England for small thefts and various other minor 
offences. 

The new city grew with encouraging rapidity. In 
the fifty years before Penn's arrival few settlers 
had sought the Delaware. Now they came abun- 
dantly, and when Penn returned to England in 
1684 there were about 3000 people in the new city 
and 5000 in the province of Pennsylvania. 

When William Penn again visited his city, fifteen 
years later, he was surprised and delighted by the 
evidences of growth and prosperity he saw on all 
sides. He had left a city of about 600 houses, he 
returned to one of more than 2000, and so full of 
new faces that he felt almost like a stranger. 

New settlers had come in numbers, among them 
many Welsh, who settled in the country west of 
the Schuylkill, which became known as the Welsh 
Tract. Many more Germans had arrived, of vari- 
ous religious sects, these making their way into 
the country to the north, where their descendants 
still preserve their old language, oddly mixed with 
English words, and are known as "Pennsylvania 
Dutch." 



Meanwhile the city grew and prospered. A postal 
service was early established. Education was 
attended to, a Friends' Public Grammar School 
being founded in 1689. This still exists as the 
William Penn Charter School. Philadelphia was 
chartered as a city in 1701, shortly before Penn's 
final return to England. In 171 8, when William 
Penn died, his colony, then thirty-six years of 
age, was in a very prosperous condition, immi- 
grants coming in such numbers that Pennsylvania 
grew faster than any of the other colonies. Trade 
developed until the Delaware presented a busy 
scene, vessels coming and going in numbers, while 
business was active, land cheap, and the streets 
vital with stirring life. 

A city of the size of colonial Philadelphia would 
not be thought much of in our day, but at that 
period it was the largest city in America and its 
supremacy was widely acknowledged. Its citizens 
included various men of wide fame in science and 
literature. Benjamin Franklin, in the signal 
experiment by which he brought lightning from 
the clouds and proved it to be electricity, gave 
Philadelphia a high standing in science, which was 
added to by the fine work done by David Ritten- 
house in astronomy, the improvement of the 
quadrant by Thomas Godfrey, and the splendid 
achievements in botany of John Bartram, called 
by Linnaeus " the greatest natural botanist in the 
world." In literature Franklin gave it a standing 
by his "Poor Richard's Almanac" and his "Auto- 
biography," much the finest literary production 
of colonial America. Another man of literary note 
was the learned James Logan, who collected a 
library of about 3,000 volumes, a large private 
collection for that day. This collection is now a 
choice treasure of the Philadelphia Library. The 
Revolutionary period called forth the efforts of 
several able writers, chief among them being 



Thomas Paine, whose "Common Sense" and 
"Crisis" were so admirably adapted to the spirit 
of the time. The only able colonial author out- 
side of Philadelphia was Jonathan Edwards, who 
wrote solely on theological themes. 

That Philadelphia was then regarded as the Ameri- 
can metropolis was shown in the action of the 
Albany Congress of 1754, held with the purpose 
of uniting the colonies in defence against the 
French. Franklin's plan for the union of the 
colonies, accepted by the convention, named 
Philadelphia for the capital of the proposed con- 
federacy, proposing to make it the seat of a legis- 
lature elected by the colonies and a governor- 
general appointed by the king. The mutual jeal- 
ousy of the British authorities and the colonial 
assemblies prevented the adoption of this plan, 
but it pointed forward to the choice of Philadel- 
phia as the capital of the country, which it practi- 
cally became in 1774, twenty years later. 



PHILADELPHIA IN THE NINETEENTH 
CENTURY 

With a population of 70,000 in 1800, it had defi- 
nitely entered upon that career of manufacturing 
activity for which it has since continued famous. 
The position of the city in the close vicinity of the 
world's chief supply of anthracite coal, with an 
abundance of iron within easy reach, gave it 
special advantages, which were utilized in the 
development of its array of great workshops, 
some of them destined to become the greatest in 
the world. Commerce was also active, Phila- 
delphia being at that time America's leading 
center of trade. In fact, not only before the 
Revolution, but down to the period of the Civil 
War, this city had a flourishing commerce, its 



many clipper ships, barges and brigs dealing 
largely with all parts of the world, especially with 
the West Indies, and to an important extent with 
the East Indies. Many enterprising merchants 
engaged in this commerce, among whom may be 
specially named Stephen Girard, famous for his 
wealth and enterprise. Active efforts to regain a 
fair portion of this trade are now in operation, 
including the deepening of the Delaware and the 
building of an ample array of wharves and docks. 
The Delaware and Schuylkill, including the Cam- 
den side of the former, have the extensive water 
frontage of thirty-eight miles, great part of which 
is still unutilized. The city has at present steam- 
ship service to all the leading ports of Europe and 
those of the south Atlantic, and the years to come 
will be sure to see a large increase in this traffic. 

Could William Penn look down upon his city 
to-day he would perceive a sea of buildings, 
spreading over many square miles. Instead of a 
wilderness of trees he would see a wilderness of 
dwellings, crowded with a busy population, to- 
gether with great industrial, financial, mercantile, 
and other edifices, a center of civic life ranking as 
the third in the United States and the ninth in 
the world, and one which, in some of its activities, 
claims rank as the first. 

It is a city which has justly won the title of "The 
City of Homes," since it has within its limits more 
houses occupied by their owners than any other 
city in the world. Its number of separate resi- 
dences is stated as more than 350,000, while New 
York has fewer than 150,000 one-family houses. 
These include broad expanses of neat and com- 
fortable two-story houses, provided with conven- 
iences formerly found only in the mansions of 
the wealthy. Among these the bath-room is an 
essential feature from the point of view of high 
civilization. Of these the city claims more than 
7 



350,000, while twenty public bathing places help 
to serve the needs of the poorer sections. To the 
number of buildings mentioned as dwellings may 
be added some 50,000 built for other purposes, 
Philadelphia having about 400,000 separate build- 
ings, more than any other city in the United States. 
Coming to the other feature in which it has gained 
eminence, those of its special industries, it may 
be said that in textile manufacture Philadelphia 
is to-day the leading city in the world. It has the 
largest lace factory and some of the largest carpet 
factories, while it holds first rank in knit goods, 
rugs, and felt hats. The Baldwin locomotive 
works, with a capacity for eight locomotives a 
day, has no rival in the world. Since 1710 Penn's 
city has led in American shipbuilding, and the 
two great shipyards of its port, Cramp's in Ken- 
sington and the New York Shipbuilding Company 
in Gloucester, have given the Delaware a just 
claim to the title of "The Clyde of America." 
Other lines of industry in which this city stands 
pre-eminent are the making of street cars, the 
manufacture of oil-cloth, linoleum, saws, sporting 
and athletic goods, upholstery goods and various 
other articles. It holds second place in women's 
clothing, millinery, paper goods, woollen goods, 
and sugar refining. In addition it covers every 
field of metal work, useful and ornamental, it 
has no superior in fine furniture, it yields one-third 
of the umbrellas and parasols of the country, and 
it has long been active in publication, while its 
commercial printing trade occupies 250 plants, 
with an annual output of $10,000,000. Such is 
Philadelphia industrially, one of the leading manu- 
facturing cities of the world, and in many fields 
of industry the leading city in America. "The 
largest industrial city in America" it was called 
by the French Trade Commission, on its visit 
here in December, 19 15, with a view of reopening 
trade after the war. 



THE LIBERTY BELL 

A bell for this purpose, one fitting the dignified 
structure in which it was to hang, was ordered 
from London, to bear the significant inscription: 
"Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all 
the inhabitants thereof." 



THE PHILADELPHIA OF TO-DAY 

As regards railroad service, Philadelphia is admir- 
ably supplied. Of the three roads that enter the 
city, two of them, the Pennsylvania and Reading, 
penetrate it to its very heart. The Broad Street 
Station of the Pennsylvania fronts directly upon 
the location of the Center Square which William 
Penn set aside as the hub of his new city, and the 
Market Street Station of the Reading lies but a 
short distance away. The Baltimore and Ohio 
Station is at the Schuylkill extremity of the origi- 
nal city planned by Penn. 

As for means of getting about within the city lim- 
its, the admirable system of electric cars offers ex- 
cellent opportunities, no city being better supplied 
in this particular. There is scarcely one of the 
wider streets of the city without its car line, run- 
ning north, south, east or west, with a mystifying 
abundance that appears difficult to unravel. The 
total length of trolley lines in the city is about 600 
miles. The system is easy to comprehend and one 
soon gets to depend on the number given each sep- 
arate line, without troubling about its further 
directions. In the way of real ' ' rapid transit, ' ' the 
Market Street Subway and Elevated lines are of 
great service, and carry their multitudes daily. At 
the westward extremity of the Elevated, at 69th 
Street, the trolley service leaves the city and 
plunges into the country, spreading out like the 
fingers of a hand into a number of distinct lines, 



giving service to West Chester, to several points 
on the Main Line, and to Allentown by way of 
Norristown. Other out-of-town service is provided 
to Chester, Media, Wilmington, Doylestown, 
Easton, and more distant localities. Counting 
with these varied routes of rail travel the fast- 
growing multitudes of automobiles in daily use, 
it will appear that Philadelphia is amply provided 
for in the necessary function of getting about. 

Thus much for passenger travel. For freight car- 
riage ample facilities have been and are being pro- 
vided. A net-work of freight tracks crosses the 
city towards the wharves, including an elevated 
one of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. This 
company has 56 freight stations in Philadelphia 
and Camden, many of them on the river front, 
along which front a belt line for the transfer of 
freight extends to Port Richmond. At the latter 
port the Reading Railway Company has shipping 
piers and coal sheds a half mile in length. It 
should further be said that plans are now in prep- 
aration for doing away with all railroad crossings 
on grade in Philadelphia, and for building a com- 
plete modern series of wharves along the southern 
section of the river front, with accommodations 
for the largest ships. The city is, in fact, to be 
made a first-class fresh-water port, with every 
facility for freight and passenger carriage. There 
are still fourteen miles of unoccupied tide-water 
front, and hundreds of acres of bordering lands 
along the two rivers fitted for building great fac- 
tories, from which goods could be placed directly 
on shipboard. In addition to the modern piers 
now under process of building, Delaware Avenue 
is being widened and bulkheaded in concrete and 
the Delaware being deepened, the ultimate depth 
to be 35 feet. The plan now being worked out 
will utilize over 1,000 acres and provide wharfage 
for one hundred and thirty-one 600-foot ships. 
10 



The Delaware now bears a large traffic, and is 
well provided with light-houses and other aids to 
safe navigation, also with large and powerful ice- 
boats, capable of keeping the channel open in the 
severest winter weather likely to occur in its 
latitude. 



THE METROPOLIS OF PENNSYLVANIA 

So far we have dealt with Philadelphia as confined 
within its municipal limits. Within this space 
1,750,000 persons dwell. But the real Philadel- 
phia, the Metropolitan City, the multitude of 
hives of industry which have grown up around the 
central municipality and of whose activities it is 
the true center, extends for miles in every direction 
around it, the total population included within the 
city and its circle of offsprings being estimated at 
4,000,000. In this outer ring, or metropolitan dis- 
trict, may be included the Pennsylvania counties 
of Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, 
Lebanon, Lehigh, Montgomery, and Northamp- 
ton, with their 1,300,000 inhabitants; the nearby 
counties of New Jersey, with 600,000; the people 
of Newcastle County, Delaware, and the inhabi- 
tants of Atlantic City and other seaside resorts, 
outgrowths of the expansion of the Quaker City. 
Philadelphia throws its mantle of commercial and 
industrial association over this wide district, in 
which are the smaller cities of Wilmington, Ches- 
ter, Camden, Reading, Lancaster, South Bethle- 
hem, Coatesville, and various others, clustering 
like hives of busy bees around their great central 
city, to the numerous industrial plants of which 
they add some 30,000 others, some of these, like 
the Eddystone offshoot from Baldwin's, being 
simply transplanted sections of the city proper. 

Within this metropolitan district are 1 ,475 textile 

mills of which 91 1 are in the central city and 460 

11 



in the Pennsylvania counties named. Within 
these mills more than 200,000 workmen are 
employed, making this metropolis of industry in a 
double sense the world's largest textile center. 
The war in Europe brought to these establishments 
vast demands for textile goods, greatly increasing 
their normal output. And there is reason to 
believe that much of this active demand will sur- 
vive the war. At present more money in the form 
of wages is flowing into the hands of Philadelphia 
artisans than in any other city in the country, and 
great part of this falls to the textile workers. 

Iron and steel are the basis of another line of goods 
in which metropolitan Philadelphia is exception- 
ally busy, the plants within the city itself being 
supplemented by numerous active ones in the sur- 
rounding towns, of which South Bethlehem is a 
place of enormous activity. As for Philadelphia 
itself, the newly organized Midvale Steel and Ord- 
nance Company represents an outlying branch 
which occupies a part of the Baldwin plant at 
Eddystone, and is engaged in manufacturing 2 ,000, 
000 Enfield rifles for the British Government; 25, 
000 men are employed in this work. The duPont 
powder mills of Wilmington and its vicinity form 
another enterprising form of industry which adds 
an important share to the commercial standing of 
the metropolitan district. In Marcus Hook, a 
suburb of Chester, is one of the largest artificial- 
silk plants of the world. 

It is indeed not alone on war material that Phila- 
delphia is engaged. Machinery of all sorts is 
made, especially textile machines, which give busy 
employment to more than a score of workshops. 
These produce not only the ordinary implements, 
but also special machinery, such as electric cloth - 
cutters, finishing boards, lock-stitch loopers, fric- 
tion clutches, and other specialties. There is also 
an encouraging demand for milling tools, drills, 
12 



and various other types of metal-working machin- 
ery. Wire is a product greatly in demand, also 
chain and other forgings, planes, lathes, pulleys, 
files, farm and garden implements, and many 
more varieties of metal tools and hardware than 
we have space to mention. In fact, nowhere else 
in the United States is high-grade manufacturing 
so centralized. 

The production of patent medicines and com- 
pounds and druggists' preparations is prominent 
in this city, nearly 200 establishments being 
engaged in this line. The Powers-Weightman- 
Rosengarten Company is the largest maker of 
quinine-sulphate and morphine-sulphate in the 
country, and there are various other large manu- 
facturers of drug materials. Philadelphia is also 
prominent in the leather industry; tanning, curry- 
ing and finishing leather products being prosper- 
ous lines of labor. It is especially an important 
field for sole-leather and glazed-kid manufacture. 
Including the works in Camden and Wilmington, 
seventy-five per cent, of the world's supply of 
goatskins are tanned and finished here, the capac- 
ity of the Philadelphia factories being in the neigh- 
borhood of 60,000,000 goatskins a year. 

Another item of active Philadelphia industry is 
the manufacture of clothing, nearly 500 establish- 
ments being engaged in the production of men's 
and about 400 in that of women's clothing. 

These are a few of the active industries of Phila- 
delphia, the total list being a long one. To those 
mentioned may be added bread and bakery prod- 
ucts, petroleum refining, malt liquors, confection- 
ery, paint and varnish, soap, brass and bronze 
goods, twine and cordage, paper and wood pulp, 
fancy and paper boxes, furniture and refrigerators, 
and various other lines of manufacture. 
13 



Omitting the surrounding districts, we may esti- 
mate in Philadelphia to-day 10,000 manufacturing 
plants, in which are employed 400,000 skilled 
workmen, their daily wages footing up to $1,000, 
000. If the metropolitan district be added, the 
daily wages would total $1,500,000, making in all 
a monthly payroll of $45,000,000. 

Coming now to commercial and financial business, 
Philadelphia possesses 1,000 wholesale mercantile 
houses, and has more than 100 banks, trust and 
saving-fund companies, with capital and surplus 
a gg re g at i n g $170,000,000 and deposits of $600, 
000,000. Its saving-fund companies hold about 
$200,000,000, of which one, the Philadelphia Sav- 
ing Fund, has over $100,000,000. Among its pub- 
lic institutions may be enumerated two universi- 
ties, six medical schools, thirty-four hospitals, over 
eight hundred churches, and three hundred public 
schools, with many more institutions of diverse 
kinds. In value of products the first place must 
be granted to Philadelphia in hosiery and knit 
goods, rugs and carpets, fur and felt hats, locomo- 
tives, ships, dyeing and finishing textiles, street 
cars, oil-cloth, linoleum, saws, and sporting and 
athletic goods. It ranks second in women's cloth- 
ing, laces and millinery, woollen and felt goods, 
wool hats, leather, and sugar refining. 

What more may we say? A statistician makes the 
interesting estimate that for almost every minute 
of the day and night a railway train arrives in 
Philadelphia ; every time the clock strikes $150,000 
in value of newly made goods are handed out by 
the city workmen ; the steam-railway tracks within 
the city are long enough to reach from Philadel- 
phia to St. Louis; every day brings ocean steam- 
ships to our docks and sends others away; each 
minute of the banking day sees a hundred deposi- 
tors pass money through the bank windows; when 
14 



the nation is sick it comes to Philadelphia for drugs 
and doctors; and when the government needs a 
new battleship it can go to only one place and 
obtain such a ship complete from keel to 13-inch 
guns without trespassing upon a county line, and 
that place is Philadelphia. 

These are not all the items that might have been 
given, nor is the description of Philadelphia insti- 
tutions in the foregoing pages intended to be 
exhaustive. Others of importance might have 
been mentioned, but enough have been spoken of 
to show the high standing which Philadelphia has 
won among the world's centers of population. 



is 



FIRST IN PHILADELPHIA 

PUBLISHING FIRSTS 

1685 First Almanac printed in the Colonies, 
"America's Messenger." William Bradford. 

1698 First School Book, written in Philadelphia, 
Francis Pastorius. 

1718 First American-made Printing Press, Adam 
Ramage. 

1728 First Weekly Newspaper, "The Universal 
Instructor in all Arts and Sciences and Penn- 
sylvania Gazette," Keimer. 

1732 First German Newspaper, the "Philadelphia 
Zeitung," Benjamin Franklin. 

1741 First American Magazine, Andrew Bradford 
(two issues only). 

1741 Benjamin Franklin launched the "General 
Magazine and Historical Chronicle for all the 
British Plantations in America" (six issues 
only). 

1742 First Type, made by Christopher Saur, 
Germantown. 

1743 First German Bible, Christopher Saiir. The 
third edition, printed in 1777, while still in 
sheets, was used to make cartridges at the 
time of the Battle of Germantown. 

1764 First Religious Magazine, "Das Geistlische 
Magazin," Christopher Saiir. 

1782 First English Bible, Robert Aitken. 

1783 First Trade Journal, "The Price Current." 

1784 First Daily Newspaper, "Pennsylvania Packet 
and Daily Advertiser." 

16 



1785 First American Edition of Shakespeare, 
Bioren & Madan. 

1786 First American Book of Prayer of Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church. 

1796 First Type Foundry, Binney & Ronaldson. 
1798 First American Novelist, Charles Brockden 

Brown, who then published "Wieland." 
1802 First Annual Book Sales. 
1802 First Juvenile Magazine. 
1802 First Law Library. 
1804 First Printing Ink Works, Charles Eneu 

Johnson. 
1808 First Ornithology, Alexander Wilson 
1813 First Religious Weekly, "The Religious 

Remembrancer. ' ' 
1819 First American Lithograph, Bass Otis. 
1830 First Penny Newspaper, "The Cent," pub- 
lished by C. C. Conwell. 
1830 First Successful Women's Magazine," Godey's 

Lady's Book," Louis A. Godey. 
1833 First U. S. Dispensatory, Wood & Bache. 
1840 First General Advertising Agency, Volney B. 

Palmer, Pine Street above Third Street. 
1848 First Comic Weekly, "The John Donkey," 

published by Thomas Dunn English. 

1852 First American Insurance Journal, Capt. 
Harvey G. Tuckett. 

1853 First Gazetteer of the United States, Lip- 
pincott. 

1880 First Etched Newspaper Illustration. 

1891 First Perfected Screen, making half-tone en- 
graving and printing a commercial possibility, 
Levy Brothers. 

1913 First Newspaper Advertising Campaign for 
Church Attendance, Associated Churches of 
Philadelphia. 

17 



NATIONAL FIRSTS 

1774 First Continental Congress. 

1774 First Articles of Confederation. 

1776 First Proclamation of the Declaration of 

Independence. 
1776 First American Flag, made by Betsy Ross. 
1787 First Form of Constitution. 

1790 First Capital of the United States. 

1791 First Supreme Court of the United States. 

1792 First United States Mint, east side of Seventh 
Street, below Arch Street. 

1792 First American Flag raised above a Federal 

Building, at First U. S. Mint. 
1797 First U. S. Frigate, "The United States," 

built by Joshua Humphreys. 
1800 First U. S. Arsenal, Gray's Ferry Road. 
1800 First U. S. Navy Yard, Front and Federal 

Streets. 
1838 First U. S. Naval Academy. 

1862 First Armored Battleship, " New Ironsides," 
built by William Cramp & Sons. 

1876 First International Exhibition in America, 
The Centennial. 

BANKING AND INSURANCE FIRSTS 

1752 First Fire Insurance Company, The Phila- 
delphia Contributionship. 

1769 First Life Insurance Society, organized for 
the relief of the widows and orphans of 
clergymen of the ^Church of England and 
America. 

1781 First Bank, The Bank of North America. 

1809 First Life Insurance Corporation, the Penn- 
sylvania Company for Insurances on Lives 
and Granting Annuities. 

1816 First Savings Bank. 

1816 First Saving Society, the "Philadelphia." 

1831 First Building and Loan Association, The 
Oxford«Provident of Frankford. 

1863 First National Bank. 

18 



SCIENTIFIC FIRSTS 

1730 First Mariners' Quadrant, Thomas Godfrey. 

1743 Philosophical Society, founded by Benjamin 
Franklin and his associates. 

1769 First Accurate Astronomic Measurement of 
the Spheres. From observatory in Indepen- 
dence Square during the transit of Venus. 

1790 First Astronomical Observatory, David 
Rittenhouse. 

1802 First Oxygen Blowpipe, Dr. Robert Hare. 

1816 First Electric Furnace, Dr. Robert Hare. 

1839 First Daguerreotype made in America. View 
taken with a crude camera from rear win- 
dow of Chestnut St. Mint by Joseph Saxton. 

1839 First Daguerreotype Portrait taken (of him- 
self) by Robert Cornelius. 

1876 First public demonstration of the telephone, 
at the Centennial Exhibition. 

MEDICAL-SURGICAL FIRSTS 

1755 First Hospital — The Pennsylvania, Benjamin 

Franklin, Originator. 
1762 First School of Anatomy, Dr. Wm. Shippen. 
1765 First Medical College (branch of the College 

of Philadelphia) founded by Dr. John 

Morgan. First Graduate in Medicine, John 

Archer. 
1768 First Medical Society. 
1787 First College of Physicians. 

1820 First Permanent Medical Journal, now the 
American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 

1821 First College of Pharmacy in the World. 
1832 First Hospital for the Blind (Wills Eye 

Hospital). 
1836 First Hospital for the Insane. 
1848 First Homoeopathic Medical College. 
1850 First Women's Medical College. 
1852 First Medical Degrees given to Women. 
19 



CHEMICAL-INDUSTRIAL FIRSTS 

1793 First Sulphuric Acid, John Harrison. 

1798 First Oil of Vitriol, John Harrison. 

1804 First White Lead, Samuel Wetherill & Son. 

1823 First Ether, Rosengarten & Son. 

1832 First Quinine, Rosengarten & Son. 

1834 First Strychnine, Rosengarten & Son. 

1834 First Nitric Acid and First Hydrochloric 

Acid, Carter & Scattergood. 
1839 First Vulcanized Rubber Goods, Charles 

Goodyear. 
1847 First Bleaching Powder Chlorine, Charles 

Lennig. 
1850 First Use of Zinc in Paint Manufacture, 

Samuel Wetherill. 

MISCELLANEOUS FIRSTS 

1682 First Brick House built in America — Penn's 

house. 
1682 First Pleasure Grounds for the People, 

laid out in America, were dedicated in 

Philadelphia. 
1684 First Iron Works, Frankford. 
1684 First Pottery, Front and Prime Streets. 

1684 First Glass Works, Frankford. 

1685 First Printing Press set up in Philadelphia. 
1687 First Brewery, built by Anthony Morris, on 

Front Street below Walnut Street. 

1689 First Public School. Incorporated 1698. 

1690 First Paper Mill, William Rittenhouse, on 
Wissahickon Creek. 

1698 First Fulling Mill, Mathew Holgate, on Wis- 
sahickon Creek. 

1704 First Presbyterian Church, Market and Bank 
Streets. 

1706 First Presbytery, organized by seven minis- 
ters. 

1712 First American Workhouse authorized by 
Common Council. 
20 



1712 First Ocean-going Merchantman launched in 
America. 

1719 First Fire Engine (bought by any munici- 
pality) for public purposes. 

1721 First Insurance Agency, John Copson. 

1728 First Botanical Garden, John Bartram. 

1730 First Turnpike Road, Lancaster Pike. 

1731 First Public Library, established by Ben- 
jamin Franklin. 

1732 First Dining Club, "The Colony in Schuyl- 
kill," now "The State in Schuylkill." 

1733 First Fire _ Engine made in America, by 
Anthony Nicholls. 

1736 First Volunteer Fire Company, the "Union," 
Benjamin Franklin the first secretary. 

1742 First American Work on Botany, by John 
Bartram. 

1746 First Stock Exchange started in America. 

1748 First Exclusive Dancing Society, "The As- 
sembly," still maintained. 

1752 First Proof that Lightning and Electricity 
were one and the same. Demonstrated by 
Franklin. 

1753 First American Expedition for Arctic Explo- 
ration left Philadelphia, March 4th. 

1766 First Permanent Theatre, Cedar (now South) 
Street. 

1767 First American Drama, "The Prince of Par- 
thia," by Thomas Godfrey, Jr., staged at the 
South Street Theatre. 

1769 First Methodist Episcopal Church in the 
world, still existent, Fourth Street below 
Vine Street. 

1775 First Organization of Manufacturers, "The 
United Company of Pennsylvania for the 
Establishment of American Manufactures." 

1775 First Carpets Woven on American Looms, 
William Calverley. 

1775 First Piano, John Behrent, Third Street, 
below Brown. 

21 



1780 First American Work on Medicine by Dr. 

Benjamin Rush. 
1783 First English Lutheran Church, Race Street 

below Sixth Street. 
1783 First Free Quaker Meeting House erected — 

"Of the Empire 8." 

1785 First Agricultural Society. 

1786 First Steamboat, John Fitch. 

1786 Protestant Episcopal Church of North 
America was organized in this city. 

1787 First Church in America owned by persons 
of color; St. Thomas' African Methodist 
Episcopal, Fourth and St. James Streets. 

1788 First Calico Printed. 

1789 First Capital of the United States. 

1790 First Law School. 

1791 First Carpet Mills Operated. 

1801 First Water-works System. 

1802 First Law Library in America. 

1804 First Automobile (steam), Oliver Evans. 

1805 First Permanent Art Institution, The Acad- 
emy of the Fine Arts. 

1809 First Experimental Railroad Tracks in the 
United States were put down in a yard 
adjoining the Bull's Head Tavern, Philadel- 
phia, in September. 

1811 First Machine in the United States used in 
Manufacturing, Samuel Wetherill, Jr. 

1816 First Rolling Mill (at mouth of the Wissa- 
hickon Creek). 

1819 First Sugar Refinery. 

1819 First Stationary Steam Engine, built by 
Thomas Hallo way for Francis Perot's Malt- 
ing House. 

1820 First Shipment of Anthracite Coal received, 
365 tons. 

1824 First Exhibition of American Manufactures, 

under auspices of The Franklin Institute. 
1827 First Horticultural Society. 
22 



1828 First American Journal of Pharmacy (first 

devoted to that profession). 
1830 First Free College for Orphan Boys (Girard 

College). 

1832 First Successful American-made Locomotive, 
built by Matthias W. Baldwin in Lodge Alley, 
west of Seventh Street. 

1833 First Monument erected in America to 
Washington (National). 

1836 First Public High School in America, The 

Central High School. 
1842 First Wire Suspension Bridge, at Fairmount, 

built by Charles M. Ellet, Jr. 
1844 First School of Applied Art, The School of 

Industrial Art for Women, was established. 
1852 First Shakespeare Society, still in existence. 
1854 First Y. M. C. A. formed in Sansom St. Hall. 
1859 First Antiquarian Society in America. 
1859 First Sleeping Car, designed and patented by 

Edward C. Knight. 

1866 First Wood Pulp Paper, produced by sul- 
phide process, Benjamin C. Tilghman. 

1867 First Exclusive Newspaper Building, the 
Public Ledger. 

1870 First Compound Marine Engine, William 

Cramp & Sons. 
1874 First Zoological Garden (laid out) in America. 
1876 First World's Fair held in America, The 

Centennial Exhibition. 
1878 First Store ever Lighted by Electricity, 

Wanamaker's. 
1884 First Triple Expansion Engine, William 

Cramp & Sons. 
1887 First Master Builders' Exchange. 
1896 First Motion Picture Show, Bijou Theatre. 
1899 First National Export Exposition in the 

United States, held in Commercial Museums. 
1902 First Automatic Restaurant in the United 

States, 820 Chestnut Street, 
23 



PHILADELPHIA, " THE WORLD'S GREATEST 
WORKSHOP" 

Reports to the Government for 19 14 indicated 
an annual value of manufactured products in 
the nineteen important lines "made in Philadel- 
phia" aggregating $412,000,000. The industrial 
Bureau of the Chamber of Commerce estimates 
the total value of Philadelphia's "year's work," 
in its 8379 industrial plants, at One Billion 
Dollars. The following list includes our more 
important industries, giving the value of the 
annual product of each: 

Printing and publishing $55,600,000 

Woollen and worsted goods 54,900,000 

Foundry and machine-shop products 38,600,000 

Sugar refining 37,600,000 

Clothing, women's 30,100,000 

Clothing, men's 29,000,000 

Hosiery and knit goods 23,900,000 

Leather, tanned, curried, finished. . . . 23,500,000 
Carpets and rugs, other than rag. . . . 22,600,000 

Cotton goods 22,500,000 

Petroleum refining 22,500,000 

Slaughtering and meat packing 22,000,000 

Bread and other bakery products. . . . 19,000,000 

Malt liquors 14,200,000 

Tobacco manufactures 13,400,000 

Locomotives 13,200,000 

Steel works and rolling mills 11,700,000 

Hats, fur-felt 10,400,000 

Chemicals 9,600,000 

Patent medicines 9,400,000 

Paint and varnish 8,000,000 

Furniture and refrigerators 8,000,000 

Lumber and timber products 7,700,000 

Copper and tinsmi thing 7,400,000 

Soap 7,300,000 

Confectionery 7,300,000 

Electrical machinery and supplies. . . . 7,000,000 
Boots and shoes 6,500,000 

24 



Silk and silk goods . $6,500,000 

Dyeing and finishing textiles 6,300,000 

Shipbuilding 6,000,000 

Cars by steam railroad companies. . . . 5,300,000 

Oilcloth and linoleum 5,000,000 

Millinery and lace goods 5,000,000 

Street railway cars 4,200,000 

Fertilizers 4,200,000 

Paper and wood pulp 4,100,000 

Brass and bronze products 4,000,000 

Leather goods 3,900,000 

Boxes, fancy and paper 3,800,000 

Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. 3,500,000 

Marble and stonework 3,400,000 

Cordage, twine, jute and linen goods. 3,300,000 

Saws 3,000,000 

— See Leading Manufactures and Some Industrial 
Leaders. 

PHILADELPHIA'S TIME-TABLE 

Every working day Philadelphia in its 8379 

industrial plants produces articles to the value 

of Three Million Dollars. Of the 264 industries 

classified in the United States Census, all but 

53 are represented here and their products can 

bear the mark " Made in Philadelphia." 

When Philadelphia gets into its working togs it 

strikes a gait like this: 

Every second, 15 cigars. 

Every second, 10 loaves of bread. 

Every second, 10 pairs of stockings. 

Every second, 15 bushels of wheat loaded. 

Every second, a new saw. 

Every second, 1 yi yards of carpet. 

Every second, 50 daily papers printed. 

Every two seconds, a new hat. 

Every three seconds, a pair of lace curtains. 

Every twenty minutes, a new house erected. 

Every hour, a new trolley car built. 

Every two-and-a-half hours, a new locomotive 

constructed. — See Manufactures. 



POOR RICHARD'S DICTIONARY 
OF PHILADELPHIA 

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 

Race and Nineteenth Streets. Founded in 
1 8 12. Notable collection of natural history- 
specimens. Free lecture courses. Admission free 
at all times. Upon the occasion of the Centennial 
celebration of this institution in 19 12 it was hon- 
ored by the presence of scientists from many 
foreign nations. — See Logan Square. 

ADELPHI (THEATRE) 
Broad and Cherry Streets. 

ADELPHIA HOTEL 

Chestnut Street, below Thirteenth Street. 

— See Roof Gardens. 
ADVERTISING 

The vast host meeting in our city in June repre- 
sents every phase of that old effort to cause others 
to know or remember or do which in modern times 
has been given the name of advertising. 
Aside from the wonderful advertising by means 
of which his City and Province were founded by 
William Penn, and later developed by Benjamin 
Franklin, Philadelphia has the distinction of hav- 
ing originated the first general advertising agency. 
This agency was established in 1840 by Volney 
B. Palmer on Pine Street above Third. He soon 
moved to Third and Chestnut, and in 1857 was at 
Fifth and Chestnut. He also opened offices in 
New York and Boston. In 1858 his Philadelphia 

27 



and New York business was purchased by Joy, 
Coe & Company. They disposed of the Boston 
branch to S. R. Niles, now deceased. Mr. Joy 
handled the New York end of the Joy, Coe & 
Company business, and had associated with him 
Mr. W. W. Sharpe, who on the death of Mr. Joy 
succeeded to the business, which is still continued. 
Mr. Coe conducted the original Philadelphia end 
of the business under the style of Coe, Wetherill 
& Company until October 10, 1877, when the 
firm sold out to N. W. Ayer & Son, who now 
occupy at Third and Chestnut Streets the site of 
their progenitor, the first general advertising 
agency in history. 

The firm of N. W. Ayer & Son was organized 
April 1, 1869, by Nathan W. Ayer and F.Wayland 
Ayer, his son. In 1873 the father died. In 1874 
George O. Wallace was admitted ; in 1 878 Henry N . 
McKinney ; in 1898 Albert G. Bradford and Jarvis 
A. Wood; in 191 1 Wilfred W. Fry and in 1916 
William M. Gerdine. Mr. Wallace died in 1897. 
Advertising men declare that this firm's most dis- 
tinctive contribution to advertising is the open 
contract method of placing business, which gives 
the agent a remuneration that is definitely fixed, 
removing all occasion for attempts to make it 
larger or smaller, and placing the man who does 
the advertising and the man for whom it is done 
on the same side of the counter. 
Another phase of Ayer & Son's activity possesses 
interest for advertising men. They publish the 
American Newspaper Annual and Directory, now 
in its 48th year. This work annually gathers, 
prints and circulates the vital facts concerning all 
publications of the country that carry advertising, 
giving also essential data concerning the places 
where they are published. This vast industry is 
composed of more than twenty-four thousand 
publications, scattered in more than eleven thou- 
sand towns. The wisest advertising man can locate 
28 



and describe but few of these, yet all have their 
use. There are, of course, a great many changes 
in the number and rank of these publications, but 
the indispensable knowledge as to where they are 
and what they are is given anew each year in the 
Annual and Directory and nowhere else. 
All those who study advertising sooner or later 
discover that its greatest rewards go to those who 
keep at it. Recognition of this fact more than 
thirty years ago gave birth to the Philadelphia idea 
which has passed into the language and lives of 
the people — "Keeping Everlastingly At It Brings 
Success." — See Mariner and Merchant Building. 

ALDINE HOTEL 

Chestnut Street, above Nineteenth Street. 

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MUSIC 

Broad and Locust Streets. Built in 1856. 
First performance, February 25, 1857. Seats 
about 3000 people. For more than half a cen- 
tury this has been Philadelphia's largest and finest 
place of entertainment. 

AN EARLY SCHOOL 

The first public school of Philadelphia stood upon 
Darien Street (originally Chester Street) above 
Race Street. It was built in 1818. — See Public 
Schools. 

ARCHEOLOGY, MUSEUM OF, U. OF P. 

Thirty-third and Spruce Streets. This inter- 
esting "Museum of Science and Art" occupies 
buildings of beautiful exterior and environment. 
These structures contain the marvellous fruits of 
research work accomplished in ancient lands by 
successive expeditions sent out by the University 
of Pennsylvania. There are also displayed here 
important collections of domestic implements, 
weapons, jewelry, musical instruments, coins, 
and costumes from all parts of the world. Popular 
lectures are given weekly in the hall of the newly 
29 



completed rotunda building. The museum is open 
week-days and on Sunday afternoons. It is 
reached via cars of the Woodland Avenue or 
Chester Avenue lines to Thirty-third Street. — See 
University of Pennsylvania. 

ARMORY, FIRST TROOP PHILADELPHIA CITY 
CAVALRY 

Twenty-third Street, above Chestnut Street. 
This organization, which has preserved its iden- 
tity as a military body continuously from the 
year 1774, is the oldest in America. Its member- 
ship has always been limited to the scions of fam- 
ilies of position and wealth. In the Revolution, 
it was, at times, the chosen escort of General Wash- 
ington, and had a part in the Battle of Princeton. 
It holds the right to escort the President of the 
United States, when in Philadelphia. It was the 
first to carry a flag of thirteen stripes. The 
"Troop" also served in the Civil War, seventy- 
three of its members being officers of distinction. 
The historic uniform worn is ornate and dignified. 
— See National Guard. 

ARSENAL, U. S. 

Frankford, Phila. This year (1916) marks the 
Centennial of the establishment of this important 
source of munition supply. Here are manufac- 
tured a large percentage of the rifle ammunition 
and the shells for field, heavy and naval artillery. 
Many of the ingenious machines operated were 
invented by employees. At the present time, the 
Arsenal is being worked to capacity limit. It is 
justly regarded as one of Uncle Sam's most effi- 
cient workshops of preparedness. — See Frankford. 

ART CLUB 

220 South Broad Street. This representative 
club is composed of the artistic, literary and 
social elements of the city, males only. Frequent 
exhibitions of paintings are held in the club's 
gallery. 

30 



ART JURY 

This permanent body was created by act of the 
Assembly in 1907, its function being a supervision 
over structures and works of a public character to 
the end that artistic and harmonious results may be 
assured. The Jury is identified with the city govern- 
ment. Its members are appointed by the Mayor. 

ASYLUMS 

More than one hundred such institutions are sus- 
tained by societies, churches and other beneficent 
organizations. A complete list may be found in 
the classified section of the Bell Telephone book. 

ATHLETIC CLUB OF PHILADELPHIA 

1209 Walnut Street. This strong social club 
has a membership from among those who are, or 
have been, interested in amateur sports of all sorts. 
It is the successor of the old Schuylkill Navy Club. 

ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. 

America's greatest seashore resort is reached, in an 
hour, by fast trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
leaving (by ferry to Camden) at the foot of Market 
Street, or by the "bridge trains" from Broad 
Street Station. The trains of the "Reading" 
system leave (by ferry to Camden) from the foot 
of Chestnut Street. The "season" is continuous, 
the hotels being well patronized through the 
winter. A day upon the famous "boardwalk" 
affords to the stranger an experience not soon 
forgotten. — See Seashore Resorts. 

AUTO GLIMPSES HERE AND THERE 

Little whirls into pleasant suburbs may be made 
from the centre of the city by auto at small cost of 
money and time. Routes especially suggested are : 
1. Up Broad Street, out Spring Garden Street 
(passing the great Baldwin Locomotive plant and 
the U. S. Mint), enter Fairmount Park at Green 
Street, East River Drive to and along the Wissa- 
31 



hickon Valley Drive. Returning, cross City Line 
bridge, go through West Fairmount Park, stop- 
ping at Belmont Mansion, Horticultural Building 
and Memorial Hall. Note that autos are barred 
from the upper portion of Wissahickon Drive. 

2. Same route, continuing from Wissahickon 
Drive up Lincoln Drive into the Chestnut Hill 
district. 

3. Out Broad Street and along the new Northeast 
Boulevard. 

4. Out Broad Street and along Old York Road, 
through Oak Lane and Elkins Park to Willow 
Grove. 

5. Out Walnut and Fifty-second Streets to and 
along Lancaster Pike and Gulf Road to Valley 
Forge, returning via the State Road and Devon. 

6. Out Market Street and West Chester Pike to 
City Line Road, turn left to Lansdowne Avenue, 
over this road to Lansdowne, returning via Balti- 
more Avenue. 

7. South on Broad Street to U. S. Navy Yard at 
League Island. 

For "Autos to hire" ask the policeman. Ask the 
price per hour before starting. — See Automobile 
Club, Main Line, Fairmount Park, Northeast Boule- 
vard and Some Northern Suburbs. 

AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF PHILADELPHIA 

23 South Twenty-third Street. Here centres 
the "auto" element of the city. The club build- 
ing contains a roomy garage, meeting rooms, offices 
and a supply and repair department. The club's 
Monthly Bulletin is a magazine devoted to tour- 
ing and matters of interest to all auto owners. 
It is well worth while to own an automobile in 
Philadelphia. Hundreds of miles of splendid 
roads threading beautiful districts are connected 
with the city streets and boulevards. The array 
of autos parked daily along Broad Street forms an 
impressive picture. — See Auto Glimpses. 
32 



AVERAGE TEMPERATURE 

Philadelphia weather is rather better than the 
average, although the average Philadelphia!! does 
not brag very much about it. Government 
Weather Bureau tabulations covering forty-three 
years show that Philadelphia is cooler in summer 
than Boston, New York, Baltimore, Washington, 
Indianapolis, St. Louis, Spokane, and San Diego. 
This city is warmer in winter than most of the 
above-named cities. 

BAILEY BUILDING 

12 1 8 Chestnut Street. Offices. 

BAKER BUILDING 

1520 Chestnut Street. Offices and studios. 

BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 

Broad and Spring Garden Streets. Matthias 
W. Baldwin, an ingenious young engraver and 
machinist, constructed a miniature locomotive 
which was operated at the museum of Mr. Frank- 
lin Peale, at Ninth and George Streets, in April, 
1 83 1 . It hauled two cars, carrying four passengers. 
In the following year he built, at his shop in Lodge 
Alley, west of Seventh Street, the "Old Ironsides " 
engine, which was first used upon the Germantown 
railroad on November 23, 1832. The public was 
informed by advertisement that the engine was 
used only in fair weather. Five other locomotives 
were completed in 1834. Then Mr. Baldwin 
removed to Broad and Spring Garden Streets. 
From this small beginning, the present vast 
business has been built up. The plant now covers 
nine city squares, in addition to which a large 
establishment is operated at Eddystone, upon 
the Delaware River. The personnel of the firm has 
changed a number of times. At present, 12,000 
men are employed . In 1 9 1 5 , 869 locomotives were 
built. — See Philadelphia, World's Greatest Workshop. 
33 



BALTIMORE & OHIO R. R. STATION 

Chestnut and Twenty-fourth Streets. Street 
cars westward on Walnut Street stop, at entrance 
gallery to this station, upon Walnut Street bridge. 

BANK OF NORTH AMERICA 

307 Chestnut Street. Organized November i, 
1 78 1, this bank is the oldest in the United States. 
The names of Alexander Hamilton and Robert 
Morris are identified with its early history. The 
original site occupied by the bank was near its 
present location. Created in order to sustain the 
credit of the young nation, it has grown to its 
present commanding position through many vicis- 
situdes, but always with honor and safety. — See 
" Banking Firsts. 1 ' 

BANKS (OTHER) 

Philadelphia has fifty-seven Trust Companies 
working under State Charters, and twenty-seven 
National Banks. Of these, all of the National 
Banks and seven of the Trust Companies are 
members of the Clearing House. It has been 
estimated that five-eighths of the banking capital 
of the city may be found east of Seventh Street. 
The National Reserve Bank, located upon Chest- 
nut Street above Fourth, is our most recent 
financial accession. 

BAPTIST TEMPLE 

Broad and Berks Streets. 

— See Baptists (Churches). 

BARTRAM'S GARDEN (CITY PARK) 

The picturesque Bartram homestead, built "by 
John and Mary Bartram," in the year 1731, is 
located upon the western side of the Schuylkill 
River. Bartram here created the first botan- 

34 



ical garden in America. The place is now a 
public park. The Bartram descendants hold, 
here, an annual reunion. Visitors may conve- 
niently reach the place by the Woodland Avenue 
cars westward through the subway from Thir- 
teenth Street, leaving the car at Fifty-fourth 
Street and walking a short distance eastward. — 
See City Parks. 



BARTRAM (HOTEL) 

Chestnut and Thirty-third Streets. 



BASE-BALL 

Through many strenuous seasons our two pro- 
fessional clubs, the Athletics and Philadelphias, 
have, with varying fortunes, well upheld the honor 
of their home city, and through good luck and 
bad the "fans" have stood by the players. As 
for the amateur host of young America's base- 
ball teams it cannot be counted. No other single 
feature of city doings has as much newspaper 
space as the national game and nothing else in war 
or peace holds so many readers. This is a base- 
ball town with two big B's. The local profes- 
sional grounds are Shibe Park, Twenty-first 
Street and Lehigh Avenue, American League 
baseball. The home of the Philadelphia "Ath- 
letics," and one of the three or four largest ball 
grounds in the country, it seats 23,000 people. 
Games from April until October. Reached by many 
of the north-bound trolley cars running from the 
centre of the city. National League Ball Park, 
Fifteenth and Huntingdon Streets. Games by the 
"Philadelphia" team throughout the base ball 
season. Reached by either the Thirteenth or the 
Sixteenth Street cars. The Athletics have won 
the world title three times. The "Phillies" now 
hold the National League Championship. 

35 



BELL PARKWAY BUILDING 

The most modern and complete telephone building 
in the world. 

Situated at the intersection of Arch and Seven- 
teenth Streets and the Parkway. Constructed in 
1914-1915, at a cost of over two million, it is the 
largest of the twenty-six Bell Telephone buildings 
in Philadelphia. Here, in addition to business 
and central offices, are located the headquarters 
of The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania 
and Associated Companies. 

" Spruce " and " Locust " as well as the Toll switch- 
boards, the Central Information Bureau and the 
Terminal Room, occupy most of the lower floors, 
while eight departments are distributed over the 
remainder of this sixteen-story building, two entire 
floors and the roof being set aside as dining and 
rest rooms for the comfort of the thousand young 
women employed. 

The first public demonstration of the telephone 
occurred forty years ago at the Centennial Exhi- 
bition in Philadelphia. Now more than 78,000 
telephone calls are made in the city between nine 
and ten a.m. every business day (700,000 calls 
daily), and Philadelphia has more telephones 
to-day than Rome, Vienna and Paris com- 
bined; more telephones than are to be found in 
the whole of Russia; more telephones than 
have Norway, Servia, Greece, Spain and Italy 
all combined. Philadelphia uses 163,000 Bell 
telephones. 



BELLEVUE COURT OFFICE BUILDING 

Walnut Street, west of the Bellevue-Strat- 
ford Hotel. Headquarters of the Walnut Street 
Business Men's Association. 

36 



BELLEVUE-STRATFORD (HOTEL) 

Southwest corner of Broad and Walnut 
Streets. This lofty structure, one of the world's 
greatest hotels, occupies the site of the old "Strat- 
ford," once a house in high repute with travellers 
of distinction. Just across the street stood the 
"Old Bellevue," where the prince of bonifaces, 
Mr. George C. Boldt, established his early repu- 
tation as a manager. Under his control, the 
Bellevue-Stratford has done much to enhance 
Philadelphia's fame as a "city of good living." 
— See Manufacturers' Club. 

BELMONT MANSION 

Fairmount Park. Most notable of the Colonial 
residences preserved within the Park is ' ' Belmont, 
built, in 1742, by William Peters, whose patriot 
son became a distinguished jurist. Here, in the 
early days of the nation, Washington, Hancock, 
Jefferson, Lafayette, and other famed men of the 
time were entertained. From Belmont, the visi- 
tor gains a far-spread view of the Park, river and 
city. Take the Park electric cars from Belmont 
Avenue Entrance. — See Fairmount Park. 

BENEFICIAL SAVING FUND SOCIETY 

1200 Chestnut St. 

Incorporated in 1853. The depositors number 
15,878, and the total of their deposits, per latest 
report, was nearly $16,000,000. This society has 
in course of construction a building, upon the 
same site, of unusual artistic beauty and dignity. 
— See Saving Fund Societies. 

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 

Born in Boston, January 17, 1706, the youngest 
of thirteen children. He came to Philadelphia a 
penniless stranger youth in October, 1723. He 
was a citizen of Philadelphia sixty-seven years, in 
37 



the course of which he spent nearly twenty years 
in Europe, engaged, nearly all of that time, in the 
service of the Colony of Pennsylvania and the 
young American Republic. 

In his character were united the qualities of great 
ingenuity, tireless industry and mental versatility. 
He possessed the ability to interest men of power 
and authority in matters entrusted to his care. 
As a citizen of Philadelphia, he gave to the Art of 
Printing its proper place as a means of public 
influence. He had an honorable part in the found- 
ing of an academy which became the University 
of Pennsylvania. He was one of the founders of 
the Library Company of Philadelphia, the Amer- 
ican Philosophical Society and the Pennsylvania 
Hospital. He was one of the organizers and first 
Secretary of the Union Fire Company, first of its 
kind in the city. He proved by means of his kite 
the electrical character of storms, and invented 
the lightning rod as a protection. He founded the 
first Fire Insurance Company. The Franklin 
stove was one of his most useful innovations. As 
Commercial Agent of the Province in London, he 
accomplished much, and, as one of the American 
Commissioners in Paris during the War of the 
Revolution, he was chiefly instrumental in secur- 
ing money, munitions and troops which enabled 
Washington's forces to secure Independence. 
Poor Richard's Almanac, first issued from the 
office of his Pennsylvania Gazette, December 19, 
1732, was continued by him through twenty-five 
years. It was translated into many languages and 
read all over the world. Franklin was honored by 
scientific societies throughout Europe. The best 
record of his early years may be found in his 
"Autobiography," in the form of a letter to his 
son. Franklin's home, in his old age, was located 
south of Market Street and east of Fourth Street. 
He died on April 17, 1790. Impressive funeral 
services were held at Zion German Lutheran 
38 



Church, Fourth and Cherry Streets. He was en- 
tombed in Christ Church Cemetery at the corner 
of Arch and Fifth Streets. — See Declaration of 
Independence, "Publishing Firsts," Philosophical 
Society, Franklin in Bronze, Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital, Franklin Relics, Franklin's Grave, Franklin 
Inn. 

BETSY ROSS HOUSE 

Arch Street, between Second and Third 
Streets. Reputed home of Betsy Ross (Mrs. 
Claypoole), in which she is said to have sewn the 
first flag of the stars and stripes, under the direc- 
tion of General Washington. Betsy's designing 
ability is to be credited with the five-pointed 
star, which, we are glad to say, is still very 
much in fashion. The building is maintained 
as a patriotic museum. Admission free. — See 
Little Walk. 

BINGHAM (HOTEL) 

Eleventh and Market Streets. 

BLIND, PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTE FOR 

This notable home for the sightless is located in a 
group of beautiful structures designed in the mis- 
sion type of architecture. It is situated in the 
residential suburb of Overbrook. 

BOARD OF EDUCATION 

Stock Exchange Building, twelfth floor, 
Walnut Street, west of Broad Street. 

BOARD OF TRADE 

Bourse. Organized in 1 833, this commercial body 
has always been prominently identified with the 
business development of the city. Many of the 
most noted citizens of Philadelphia have been 
among its officials. 

39 



BOURSE, PHILADELPHIA 

From Fourth to Fifth Street, north of 
Chestnut Street. This splendid edifice of the 
Bourse was completed in 1894. A permanent 
exhibit of machinery is located in the basement. 
The main floor is the exchange. A number 
of commercial organizations centre here, as 
well as some departments of the State and City- 
government. The upper floors are rented for 
office purposes. This centre of business activity 
presents a scene, at all times, of commercial pros- 
perity. It is much visited by strangers, being 
within a half block from Independence Hall. — See 
Board of Trade, Maritime Exchange. 

BOY SCOUTS 

The average wide-awake Philadelphia boy is a 
lucky chap ! He lives in a city where life is worth 
while. He has, for his leisure use, not only play- 
grounds costing millions of dollars, but he has the 
boy-scout habit. He belongs to one of the 170 
"troops" of the city and believes in "prepared- 
ness." He will grow up into a staunch American 
citizen, not afraid to "do his bit" when soldiers 
are needed to defend the flag. The boy scout 
headquarters is in a historic building on old 
Independence Square, at Fifth and Chestnut 
Streets. About now the boy is saving his money 
to go up along the lovely Delaware River to 
"Treasure Island," where a real, soul-satisfying 
camp is all ready for him and where he can do a 
lot of real scouting and hiking no end. It's a big 
thing to be a Philadelphia boy — and a scout. — See 
City Hall, Old. 

BREWING 

The first brewery in Philadelphia, if not in the 
colonies, was built upon Front Street below Wal- 
nut Street, by Anthony Morris, in 1687, the 
business being maintained by successive genera- 

40 



tions of descendants, and is still existent in the con- 
cern of Francis Perot's Sons Malting Company, 
this being the oldest business house in America. 
It is stated that the first barrel of Philadelphia 
Burton Ale was brewed in 1774. The business 
thus initiated is still continued by the descendant 
Smiths. John Wagner produced the first lager 
beer made in America in a small brewery on St. 
John Street near Poplar Street, in 1840. The 
numerous great brewery plants in operation here 
in these days involve the use of vast capital. 
"Brewery town," around Thirty-second and Mas- 
ter Streets, where most of them are located, is a 
city feature. 

BROAD STREET (THEATRE) 

Broad Street, south of Walnut Street. 

BROWN BUILDING 

Chestnut and Fourth Streets. Offices. 

BRYN MAWR COLLEGE 

Bryn Mawr, Pa. Seven miles from Philadelphia 
upon the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
Famous as an educational institution for girls. 
— See Main Line. 

BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS 

The earliest of these beneficent organizations was 
formed in Philadelphia in 1831 under the title of 
the Oxford Provident Building Association. The 
city now contains (in 1916) 1046 of these associa- 
tions, having a membership of above 300,000 and 
assets of more than $150,000,000, this being more 
than ten per cent, of the total realty values of the 
community. The good order, comfort and pros- 
perity of Philadelphia people are largely due to 
the beneficial and substantial work of these asso- 
ciations. — See Homes. 

41 



BULLITT BUILDING 

Fourth Street, north of Walnut Street. 
Offices. 

CABS AND TAXICABS 

The general rates for cab and taxicab service are 
as follows: First half mile or fraction, 50 cents; 
each additional quarter mile, 10 cents; each three 
minutes of waiting, 10 cents. Taxicabs, per hour, 
$4. Landaulettes, limousines and touring cars — 
1 to 4 persons — per hour, $4. Small touring cars, 
per hour, $3. Ford cars, per hour, $2.50. Large 
touring cars or large limousines, $5. Special rates 
for waiting. 

For definite information and service, telephone 
any of the companies listed in the "Bell" book 
under Cabs, or inquire at office or your hotel. 



CAMAC STREET OR CLUB LANE 

East of Thirteenth Street, and south from 
Walnut Street. Philadelphia's little Bohemia 
has taken, in recent years, this small thoroughfare 
for its own. A range of small houses of long ago 
have been cleverly remodelled to meet club require- 
ments. The first to come was the Sketch Club, its 
membership composed of artists, still young with 
its record of sixty-five years behind it. Then fol- 
lowed the Franklin Inn, the centre of literary 
activity; the Plastic Club, haven of ladies devoted 
to the graphic arts. Then the Poor Richard Club, 
a busy hive of the "Ad men"; the Coin D'Or, 
quite a bit of the quartier Latin ; the Princeton 
Club, a new neighbor; the "Stragglers," and the 
"Meridians." There is nothing quite like Camac 
Street elsewhere; nothing, indeed, more joyous 
than the hospitality meted out to those who are so 
happy as to become guests. — See Poor Richard 
Club. 

42 



CAMDEN, N. J. 

This rapidly growing and busy manufacturing 
city is officially within the Port of Philadelphia. 
A considerable portion of its population of more 
than 100,000 people finds employment in Phila- 
delphia, with which the city is connected by sev- 
eral ferries. Camden's extensive water-front still 
offers large space for the manufactories of the 
future. With the exception of the "bridge" 
trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which leave 
Broad Street Station, all of the trains of the rail- 
road lines running to the seashore start from 
Camden. Among the important industrial plants 
located here are the Victor Talking Machine 
Company, New York Shipbuilding Company, and 
Campbell Soup Company. In the first decade 
of this century Camden's industrial products in- 
creased forty-six per cent. The city contains 343 
manufacturing plants, capitalized at $102,000,000, 
having an annual product of $71,000,000. 

CAPE MAY, N. J. 

At the extreme southern point of the State, eighty 
miles from Philadelphia. This resort is one of the 
oldest upon the coast. Many excellent hotels and 
attractive cottages are well filled in summer. — See 
Seashore Resorts. 

CAPITAL AND WAGES 

Capital invested in our manufactories amounts to 
$700,000,000. 300,000 wage earners receive wages 
in the year aggregating $170,000,000. These fig- 
ures exceed those of any one of forty-three states. 
— See Lest You Forget. 

CARPENTERS' HALL 

At the end of a court south from Chestnut 
Street, between Third and Fourth Streets. 
Built by the Carpenters' Society in 1771, and im- 
proved in 1792. The First Continental Congress 
43 



convened in this building on September 5, 1774. 
The Provincial Convention and Committees of 
Safety met here in 1775. Used as a military hos- 
pital during the Revolution. The first Bank of the 
United States was an occupant from 1791 to 1795. 
Later the Bank of Pennsylvania was a tenant. 
In modern times, the Company of Carpenters has 
restored the building to its original condition. It 
is now preserved as a patriotic shrine, open daily, 
admission free. — See Little Walk and Girard 
National Bank. 

CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL 

This imposing building was erected by the Roman 
Catholics in 1 846 and through a series of following 
years. The first services were held therein on 
Easter Sunday, 1863. It stands upon Eighteenth 
Street, fronting upon Logan Square. Its beautiful 
interior is enriched with a number of paintings of 
religious themes. The massive dome rises 1 56 feet 
above the street level. — See Logan Square. 



CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 

The church authorities of the Roman Catholic 
faith maintain a High School for boys at Broad 
and Vine Streets, and one for girls at Nineteenth 
and Wood Streets. Both structures are modern and 
of attractive architecture. They are largely 
attended. 

CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 1876 

Four years before the advent of the Centennial 
year of American Independence, Philadelphia, the 
city of Liberty and the Nation's first capital, de- 
cided that the event must be adequately cele- 
brated. The burden of preparation fell upon the 
shoulders of a group of distinguished citizens who 
were later appointed by the National Government 
44 



as members of a Commission of which Gen. Joseph 
R. Hawley, of Connecticut, became the President. 
The first illustration made in this connection was 
drawn by the compiler of this booklet for the 
Daily Graphic, depicting the ceremonies in Fair- 
mount Park of the transfer of ground as a site 
for the exhibition, which took place on July 4, 
1873. Two weeks later competitive drawings for 
the buildings were shown in the hall of the old 
university upon Ninth Street. When these were 
finally decided upon actual construction began, 
the Board of Finance undertaking to raise the 
money as the work advanced. A million dollars 
was advanced by the Government upon assured 
condition that it should be repaid. It was repaid 
at the close of the exhibition. This is believed to 
have been the only instance of a full return of 
government money used in this country in behalf 
of any exhibition. The story of patriotic effort 
made by Philadelphia to accomplish the under- 
taking has never been told. On May 10, 1876, 
the Exhibition was officially opened by President 
Grant and Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, in the 
presence of the greatest assemblage of people ever 
gathered together upon the continent. The 
nations of the earth were there with their products. 
The wheels were set in motion by the great Cor- 
liss engine, largest ever built. 
The principal structures were the Main Building, 
Machinery Hall, Memorial Hall, Agricultural 
Building, Horticultural Hall and the Government 
Building. A city of foreign, state and concession 
structures filled all of Lansdowne plateau. One 
of the marvels in the public estimation was the 
instant gas illumination of the buildings by 
electric spark. The exhibition continued six 
months, having been open 150 week-days. The 
visitors numbered 8,004,000 and the receipts were 
$3-813,724.00. These figures are small compared 
with those of subsequent world expositions in 

45 



America; many now indispensable inventions were 
yet unknown, but the "Centennial" has never 
since been equalled in national, patriotic and 
industrial influence. It was the impelling power 
that started a reunited people upon a new era of 
aspiration and prosperity. The names of John 
Welsh, John Price Wetherill, N. Parker Short- 
ridge, Daniel M. Fox, Charles B. Morton and 
their associates should be ever gratefully remem- 
bered by Philadelphia — See Fair mount Park. 



CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 

The Trades League of Philadelphia, after more 
than two decades of effective work in behalf of the 
business interests of the city, together with the 
Merchants and Manufacturers' Association, united 
to form the Chamber of Commerce. This body, 
with a large accession of members, and reorgan- 
ized for comprehensive effort, occupies the twelfth 
floor of the Widener Building, upon Chestnut 
Street, east from Broad Street. 
With a membership in excess of 5000 the Chamber 
of Commerce apportions its tasks among seven 
Bureaus, covering Transportation, Foreign Trade, 
Conventions, Industries, Charities, Publicity and 
Membership. 

Eighteen standing committees are active in a 
multiplicity of details. There is also a Members' 
Council of about 275 delegates representing more 
than 100 lines of business. Within the first year 
of its existence, as reorganized, the Chamber of 
Commerce has accomplished a large amount of 
beneficent work for Philadelphia, details of which 
will be found in the annual report now available. 
The present officers are: Howard B. French, 
President; Alba B. Johnson, Cyrus H. K. Curtis, 
A. C. McGowin, Charles P. Vaughan and H. K. 
Mulford, Vice-Presidents; N. B. Kelly, General 
Secretary, and Richard L. Austin, Treasurer. 

46 



CHAMPIONSHIPS IN SPORTS 

Every citizen who has red blood should be proud 
of the following performances, by Philadelphians, 
in amateur athletics : 

Golf — Mrs. Clarence H. Vanderbeck, Present Na- 
tional Champion. 

Golf— Mrs. R. H. Barlow, United North and 
South Champion. 

Athletic— J. E.Meredith, World's Record Holder 
for Many Distances. 

Athletic — "Mike" Dorizas, U. of P., Holder of 
World's Strength Record. 

Tennis — R. Norris Williams, 2nd, Intercollegiate 
Champion. 

Tennis — Richard Harte and R. Norris Williams, 
2nd, Intercollegiate Doubles Champions. 
Court Tennis— William H. Tevis Huhn holds 
American Doubles Title with Jay Gould. 
Clay Court Tennis — R. Norris Williams, 2nd, 
National Champion. 

Racquets — Stan-ley W. Pearson, National Squash 
Racquet Champion. 

Polo — Bryn Mawr Polo Club holds National 
Junior Title. 

Bowling — William Knox, only man who has ever 
bowled 300 perfect score in a National Tourney. 
Swimming — Charles B. Durborow, recognized 
long-distance swimmer of America. 
Trap Shooting — Charles H. Newcomb, Present 
National Champion. 

Boxing — Johnny Moloney won world amateur 
title at Copenhagen for 191 6. — See Golf and Base- 
ball. 

CHESTNUT TTTT.T. 

This attractive suburb covers a high ridge at the 
northwestern border of Germantown, the distance 
being about nine miles from the City Hall. Many 
of the most costly and artistic homes of our wealthy 
families are in this section. An auto tour over 

47 



the winding avenues hereabout must awaken the 
admiration of every visitor. Chestnut Hill is 
reached by local trains of both the Pennsylvania 
and "Reading" lines, also via the Germantown 
route of the Rapid Transit system. — See Auto 
Glimpses. 

CHESTNUT STREET OPERA HOUSE 

West of Tenth Street. 

CHEW MANSION, " CLIVEDEN » 

A colonial house at Main and Johnson Streets, 
Germantown, identified with the Revolutionary 
battle which was fought in that suburb on October 
4, 1777. — See Germantown. 

CHILDREN'S PLAY HOUSE 

East Fairmount Park. A lovely place where 
tired mothers may turn the kiddies loose and 
forget there is such a thing as care. — See Fair- 
mount Park. 

CHRIST CHURCH 

On Second Street, north of Market Street. 

It stands on the site of the original church, which 
was built of wood. The present building was com- 
pleted, in part, in 1731; it was extended in 1744. 
The tower and steeple were added in 1754, when 
a chime of eight bells was installed. The interior 
was remodelled in 1834. Washington, Franklin, 
and other distinguished men of their time attended 
services here. Among the famous Americans 
buried in the graveyard are Robert Morris, 
Commodores Bainbridge and Dale, Gen. James 
Irvine, Mayor William Jackson, Gen. Jacob 
Morgan, Dr. Benjamin Rush, Peyton Randolph, 
and Francis Hopkinson. Visitors are admitted 
daily. Episcopal service on Sundays. — See Benja- 
min Franklin and Churches. 

48 



CHURCHES AND CONGREGATIONS 

Philadelphia contains 805 churches, having a 
money value of $55,340,000. The congregations 
of all sects sustain nearly 2000 ministers, priests 
and rabbis. The leading denominations are as 
follows : 

Episcopalians — This sect maintains churches 
numbering 119, members 36,500. Among the his- 
toric churches are Christ Church, Second Street, 
above Market; St. Peter's Church, Third and Pine 
Street's; St. Paul's, Third Street, below Walnut, 
and Old Swedes', Swanson Street, below Christian. 
This building is the oldest structure in the city 
and is much visited. — See Christ Church, St. 
Paul's Church, St. Peter's Church. 

Reformed Episcopal — There are in this city 1 1 
churches with a total membership of 4600. 

Methodist Episcopal — The city contains 117 
churches of this denomination with 48,305 
members. 

Methodists — Including all branches of this sect in 
Philadelphia there are 138 churches with a mem- 
bership of 55,000. The first Methodist Church in 
the city, St. George's, organized in 1769, occupies 
a building at 220 North Fourth Street, which is 
the oldest Methodist meeting-house in the world 
used continuously for worship. The denomina- 
tional headquarters are in the recently erected 
Wesley Building at Seventeenth and Arch Streets. 

Reformed Churches — The two branches of the 
Reformed Church in Philadelphia number 15,500 
members, having 37 churches. Of this number 
the Reformed Church in the United States num- 
bers 14,200 members, occupying 27 churches, and 
the Reformed Church in North America, 1300, 
occupying 5 churches. 

49 



In Philadelphia, also, is the Reformed Church 
Building at Fifteenth and Race Streets, in which 
are located the offices of the Publication and 
Sunday School Board. 

Presbyterians — There are, in Philadelphia, 116 
churches of this denomination with 59,167 mem- 
bers. The first church was organized in 1698 and 
is now located at Washington Square and Seventh 
Street. Perhaps the best known church is 
Bethany, at Twenty-second and Bainbridge 
Streets, with its famous Sunday School, which 
John Wanamaker organized February 14, 1858. 
The Presbyterian Hospital is located at Thirty- 
ninth and Powelton Avenue. The denominational 
headquarters are in the Witherspoon Building on 
Walnut Street, east of Broad. — See First Presby- 
terian Church 

United Presbyterians — There are in this city 
22 churches with a total membership of 6000. 

Baptists — There are, in Philadelphia, 105 churches 
of this denomination with 46,816 members. The 
first church was organized in 1698 and is now 
located in a beautiful building at Seventeenth and 
Sansom Streets. The Baptist Temple at Broad 
and Berks Streets, of which Russell H. Conwell 
has been pastor for nearly thirty-four years, has 
the largest seating capacity of any Protestant 
church in America. The publication, Home 
Missionary and Foreign Missionary Societies of 
the denomination have their headquarters in 
the Roger Williams Building at Seventeenth and 
Chestnut Streets. The Baptist State Convention, 
which includes the State Missionary and State 
Educational Societies, has its headquarters here, 
also. — See Baptist Temple and Colleges. 

Lutherans — Eighty-six churches are supported in 
Philadelphia by this denomination, including 

50 



those of all its branches. The total membership 
is 24,080. Lutheranism was introduced into the 
settlements on the Delaware River by the Swedes 
in 1638. Gloria Dei, at Wicaco, was built in 1700, 
St. Michael's Church on Fifth Street, above Arch, 
in 1748, and Zion Church at Fourth and Cherry, 
in 1766. The latter, as rebuilt in 1796, was the 
largest and finest church in the colonies. St. 
John's, upon Race Street, east of Sixth, built in 
1808, was the first English Lutheran church in 
America. The simple beauty of its facade is still 
greatly admired. — See St. John's Lutheran Church. 

Catholics — There are in Philadelphia 120 churches 
and chapels of the Catholic faith, including four 
Ruthenian Greek churches. These are under the 
care of 338 priests. The best known church is, 
of course, the Cathedral, located at Eighteenth 
and Race Streets. The cornerstone was laid 
September 16, 1846, and the Cathedral dedicated 
November 20, 1864. The building is modelled 
after the Church of St. Charles in Rome. There 
are a number of historic churches — St. Joseph's 
in Willing's Alley, Fourth Street below Walnut, 
dating from 1733; St. Mary's, Fourth Street below 
Locust, 1763; Holy Trinity, Sixth and Spruce 
Streets, 1789; St. Augustine's, Fourth and Vine 
Streets, 1796. — See Cathedral. 

CITY CLUB 

A strong business and social organization which 
will soon occupy its new club house at 313 South 
Broad Street. — See Clubs. 



CITY COLORS 

The Ordinance of March 27, 1895, provided that 
the following shall be the forms, devices and colors 
of the Civic Flag, the City Ensign and the Pen- 
nant of the City of Philadelphia: 
51 



"The colors in the several forms shall be azure 
blue and golden yellow. 

"The Civic Flag, or Standard of the City, shall be 
as follows: Material shall be American-made 
bunting or silk of the colors designated, ten feet 
in length and six feet in width, or in proportion 
thereto. The same shall be parted vertically (per 
pale) in three equal parts, the first and third to be 
of azure blue and the second, or middle pale, 
golden yellow; upon the latter pale shall be em- 
blazoned the City Arms, as borne upon the City 
Seal, established by the Ordinance of Councils of 
February 14, 1874." — See City Government. 

CITY GOVERNMENT 

Philadelphia was granted a separate form of gov- 
ernment by William Penn in 1683. At that time 
the City proper had an area of two square miles, 
with a population of 400. The first year, 100 
houses were erected. This form of government 
prevailed until 1691, when the City received a 
Charter naming Humphrey Morrey as Mayor. 
This Charter lasted until 1 701 , when a new Charter 
and new Seal were granted, and Edward Shippen 
was elected Mayor. Wards were first denned in 
1 705. In 1 789, the City adopted a new Seal which 
was used until the period of consolidation in 1854. 
At this time, the City territory was made co-ex- 
tensive with that of the County of Philadelphia, 
and all independent forms of government within 
the County were consolidated. The different 
sections consolidated are represented by twenty- 
eight memorial lamp posts on City Hall Plaza. 
The City adopted a new Seal in 1874 that was used 
until October, 1908. The present form of govern- 
ment was approved on June 1, 1885, and adopted 
by ordinance of Councils in April, 1887, under 
what is known as the ' ' Bullitt Bill." 
The Departments directly under the Mayor are 
Public Safety, Public Works, Public Health and 
52 



Charities, Supplies, Wharves, Docks and Ferries, 
and the Civil Service Commission. 
The members of the Cabinet appointed by the 
Mayor are the Directors of Public Safety, Public 
Works, Public Health and Charities, Supplies, 
Wharves, Docks and Ferries, and the Civil Service 
Commission. The members of the Cabinet in 
whose selection the Mayor has no control are the 
Presidents of Select and Common Councils, Re- 
ceiver of Taxes, City Controller, City Treasurer, 
City Solicitor, the President of the Sinking Fund 
Commission, and the President of the Board of 
Education, who is elected by the Board. The 
cost of administering the municipal government 
in 19 1 5 was (exclusive of education) $33,046,- 
377.92. — See Mayor and Ms Cabinet and City Hall, 
Common Council and Select Council. 



CITY HALL 

When this costly edifice was erected upon the Penn 
squares a generation ago, it was thought to be ade- 
quate for public business for all future time, but 
the City Departments have outgrown its capacity. 
The cost was nearly $25,000,000. Much higher 
buildings are clustered around it, but its lofty 
tower, rising 548 feet above the street level, is still 
one of the highest structures in the world. The 
most interesting features of the City Hall are the 
Mayor's Office, the Council Chambers and Courts. 
Another feature of perennial interest is the Mar- 
riage License Bureau. The building contains 662 
rooms and has floor space of 14^ acres. The 
"hanging stairways" at the corners are of very 
unusual construction. A staff of guides is always 
in attendance to conduct visitors through the 
building, including, usually, the tower, which com- 
mands a fine outlook over the city. A small fee is 
generally paid to the guides, but this is not oblig- 
atory. — See City Government. 
53 



CITY HALL, OLD 

The dingy building at Fifth and Chestnut Streets 
was Philadelphia's first City Hall. It was built in 
1790. For a time it was occupied by the United 
States Supreme Court. The structure was the 
headquarters of the city government until its 
removal to the present Public Buildings. It is to 
be restored to its original condition. — See Grand 
Army of the Republic and Boy Scouts. 

CITY HISTORY SOCIETY 

This organization, composed of members of both 
sexes who are interested in the lore of old Phila- 
delphia, meets monthly at the Normal School for 
Girls, at Spring Garden and Thirteenth Streets. 
The Society conducts frequent tours of research 
into nearby regions of interest. Occasional pam- 
phlets are printed for members. 

CITY PARKS ASSOCIATION 

Organized by public-spirited citizens in 1888, this 
association seeks to encourage the extension of our 
park system and the creation of small parked 
spaces in congested sections. In this work very- 
much has been accomplished and still more pro- 
jected, all tending to the consistent adornment of 
the city. — See Parks and Squares. 

CITY TRUSTS, BOARD OF 

The Board of Directors of City Trusts was created 
by act of the Legislature in 1869. It is composed 
of twelve members appointed by the judges of the 
Supreme, District and Common Pleas Courts. 
The President of the Board, at this time, is the 
Hon. Edwin S. Stuart. The Board has under its 
control forty-four trusts, involving a value of 
$33,250,000, all of which, excepting about $2,000,- 
000, is represented by the Girard Estate. — See 
Girard Estate. 

54 



CIVIC CLUB 

1300 Walnut Street. Justifying its title, the 
Civic Club believes in and works for a "better 
Philadelphia." At a notable exhibition, just 
closed, the enthusiastic civic ladies showed con- 
trasting models of a slum section and of attractive 
modern homes for work people which ought to 
occupy the same space. The idea illustrates one 
of the many practical ways in which Philadelphia 
folk constantly strive to house-clean the old town 
and make it sweet and healthful. 

CIVIL WAR 

In the course of the great war between the North 
and South, which ended half a century ago, 
Philadelphia recruited about one hundred and 
fifty regiments, batteries of artillery, and inde- 
pendent companies for service of more or less 
extended periods. The complete story of these 
organizations, and of the many auxiliary and allied 
associations for the care of the sick and wounded; 
of the naval contingent and its deeds; the return 
of peace and the resultant veteran associations, is 
told in a book published by the City in 19 14, en- 
titled ' ' Philadelphia in the Civil War. ' ' This com- 
prehensive book will be found in the libraries of 
the City and of the State of Pennsylvania. — 
See Grand Army of the Republic and Logan 
Square. 

CLOCK, CITY HALL TOWER 

This clock is 361 feet above the pavement. The 
length of the minute hand is 10 feet 8 inches; 
weight, 225 pounds. Every night at three minutes 
of 9 o'clock the lights are extinguished to the even 
hour, thus giving the exact time. This signal can 
be seen from the most distant sections of the city. 
A peculiarity of the clock may be noted by the 
close observer, who will find that plain bars are 
used instead of numerals upon the dials. — See 
City Hall. 

55 



CLOVER CLUB 

Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. This famous din- 
ing organization neld its monthly banquets, for 
many years, in the old Bellevue Hotel, which 
stood upon the site now occupied by the build- 
ing of the Manufacturers' Club. — See Bellevue- 
Stratford. 

CLUBS 

It is, indeed, the rare citizen, male or female, in 
Philadelphia, who is not identified with some sort 
of a club. The social and cooperative tendency 
is concretely expressed in the fact that the Bell 
Telephone book (classified section) contains a list 
of some three hundred clubs, and it is to said list 
that the reader of this "Dictionary" may best be 
referred in any quest requiring information of 
a clubby nature. 

COIN D'OR CLUB 

251 South Camac Street. A popular dining 
club, limited to members. — See Camac Street. 

COLLEGE CLUB 

Spruce and Thirteenth Streets. 

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 

Since its formation in 1787, this great institution 
has had six homes. Upon November 10, 1909, it 
entered into possession of a splendid modern struc- 
ture erected at a cost of $300,000, at Twenty-second 
and Ludlow Streets. This money was provided 
partly by Mr. Andrew Carnegie and Mrs. F. C. 
Penfield. This is not an institution of instruction, 
but, rather, a powerful centre for the spread of 
medical and surgical knowledge. It includes a 
comprehensive library of works related to medical 
discovery and practice. The County Medical 
Society and other professional bodies hold their 
sessions here. This building is open to visitors 
upon week-days. — See "Medical Firsts" and 
County Medical Society. 
56 



COLLEGES 

The more important of these institutions are : 
College of Physicians, Twenty-second Street below 
Market Street. 

College of Pharmacy, 145 North Tenth Street. 
Girard College, Corinthian and Girard Avenues. 
Jefferson Medical, Walnut and Tenth Streets. 
Spring Garden Inst., Spring Garden and Broad. 
Temple University, Broad and Berks Streets. 
University of Pennsylvania, Spruce and Thirty- 
fourth Streets. 

Women's Medical, North College Avenue and 
Twenty-first Street. — See "Medical Firsts." 

COLONIAL SOCIETY 

The Colonial Society of Pennsylvania, incorpo- 
rated in 1874 an d seated in Philadelphia, is com- 
posed of a membership of the descendants of the 
early families of the Province of Pennsylvania. 
This membership is now scattered in every part of 
the country. The society preserves and publishes 
records and manuscripts related to Pennsylvania 
history. These publications may be consulted 
at the Library of the Historial Society of Penn- 
sylvania. 

COLONNADE HOTEL 

Southwest corner of Chestnut and Fifteenth 
Streets. 

COLUMBIA CLUB 

Broad and Oxford Streets. 

COMMERCIAL BODIES 

Those of importance are the Chamber of Commerce, 
Widener Building; Bourse, in its own building, 
Fifth Street above Chestnut Street ; Commercial Ex- 
change, Bourse; Board of Trade, Bourse; Maritime 
Exchange, Bourse; Stock Exchange, Walnut Street 
above Broad Street ; Commercial Museums, Thirty- 
fourth Street, below Spruce Street. — See Bourse, 
Stock Exchange, Commercial Museums. 
57 



COMMERCIAL MUSEUMS 

This great enterprise, which had a modest be- 
ginning in 1897, occupies a group of three spacious 
buildings at Thirty-fourth Street south of Spruce 
Street (near the Univeristy of Pennsylvania). 
These buildings, located upon city land, cost 
$800,000, of which the city paid about one-third. 
A main object of these museums is to promote the 
commerce of America with foreign lands and to dis- 
seminate in this country a wider knowledge and 
appreciation of the customs and conditions of 
other nations and peoples. To these ends a 
splendid permanent exhibition of the raw mate- 
rials, manufactures, customs, ethnology, history, 
and scenery of all lands is maintained. This 
collection is constantly augmented. Free illus- 
trated lectures are given to school children daily 
and on Saturdays to adults. An extensive trade 
library is also an important feature. Travelling 
lantern lectures are sent to all Pennsylvania 
schools. The business of the world is set forth 
here for the benefit of all inquirers. The Com- 
mercial Museums are open daily, including Sun- 
day afternoons. This institution is not only one of 
Philadelphia's greatest assets, but is, as well, of 
national industrial importance. 



COMMERCIAL TRUST BUILDING 

Market and Fifteenth Streets, and West 
Penn Square. Offices. 

COMMON COUNCIL 

The forty-eight wards of the City are represented 
in this body by ninety councilmen. A ward is 
entitled to a member for every 4000 voters. 
Councilmen are elected to serve two years. — See 
City Government. 

58 



CONGRESS HALL 

This building, at the southeast corner of Chestnut 
and Sixth Streets, adjacent to the west wing of 
Independence Hall, was originally constructed in 
1789, for county purposes. The structure was 
loaned by the City of Philadelphia as the tem- 
porary Capitol of the Nation to the Federal 
Government, and Congress met here for the 
ensuing ten years. Here Washington was in- 
augurated for the second time as President in 
1793. Here John Adams served as Vice-President 
and later as President. Thomas Jefferson, as Vice- 
President, presided over the Senate upon the 
second floor. The old building, long used as a 
court house, has been restored to its original con- 
dition. It was rededicated by President Wilson 
on October 25, 19 13, with public ceremonies 
worthy of its great part in our national history. 
The lower floor of Congress Hall— the early home 
of the House of Representatives — now contains 
a remarkable collection of fifty paintings by 
J. L. G. Ferris covering the Romance and History 
of our country. Visitors to Independence Hall 
should not fail to see these beautiful and instruc- 
tive paintings, as nothing of like scope or char- 
acter is to be found elsewhere. — See Independence 
Hall. 

CONTEMPORARY CLUB 

Land Title Building, Broad and Chestnut 
Streets. 

CONTINENTAL HOTEL 

Southeast corner of Chestnut and Ninth 
Streets. When built, in 1 860, this was considered 
to be the finest hotel in the United States. It is 
still well patronized, although it is the last of the 
historic hotels east of Tenth Street. 
59 



COUNTRY GENTLEMAN 

Weekly magazine. The oldest agricultural jour- 
nal in the world. It was formed by the con- 
solidation of The Genesee Farmer, founded in 
1 83 1, and The Cultivator, dating from 1834. 
Curtis Publishing Company, Independence Square. 
— See Curtis Publishing Company. 

COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY (PHILADEL- 
PHIA) 

This representative organization of physicians 
was formed in 1848, as a constituent of the Med- 
ical Society of the State of Pennsylvania. Its 
objects include the maintenance of approved 
ethics in medical and surgical practice, mutual 
conference, and moral and financial assistance 
where required. Meetings of the Society are held 
at the College of Physicians. — See College of 
Physicians. 

COVINGTON HOTEL (APARTMENTS) 

Thirty-seventh Street above Chestnut 
Street. 

CRAMP, WM, & SONS, SHIP AND ENGINE 
BUILDING CO. 

Located in Kensington, at Beach and Ball 
Streets. This establishment dates from 1830, 
William Cramp, its founder, being then twenty- 
three years old. It has long been one of the great 
industries of the city. After the introduction of 
iron and steel shipbuilding, it was' rapidly devel- 
oped, and has since been famous in the production 
of a large number of ships of war for the National 
and foreign governments, as well as fleets of 
modern passenger and freight vessels. The aver- 
age number of employees is about 5000. Visitors 
should apply for admission at the company's 
office at the works. — See Kensington. 
60 



CRICKET CLUBS 

Philadelphia is the home of the game of cricket in 
America. Clubs especially interested in the game 
are the Merion, at Haverford, Pa.; the Philadel- 
phia, at St. Martin's, Germantown; the Frank- 
ford Coimtry Club; and the Germantown, at 
Manheim Station, Germantown. There are also 
numerous minor clubs located in the suburban 
sections. — See articles upon the above clubs. 

CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 

The largest and most splendidly housed publishing 
plant in the world occupies the entire block 
bounded by Sixth, Seventh, Walnut and Sansom 
Streets. It is constructed of white marble and 
brick, and is an enduring monument to the genius 
and energy of Cyrus H. K. Curtis. The Curtis 
publications, The Ladies' Home Journal, the Sat- 
urday Evening Post and the Country Gentleman, 
are read in every English speaking country. 
Visitors to this vast publishing hive are 
always welcome, a staff of guides being espe- 
cially employed to show them through the various 
departments. Thirty-five thousand persons 
availed themselves of this privilege in 19 15. 
The Maxfield Parrish panels and his famous 
decorative work the "Dream Garden," done in 
Favrile glass by Louis Tiffany, are splendid fea- 
tures of adornment. Another notable feature 
is the large collection of Franklin imprints. 
— See Ladies' Home Journal, Saturday Evening 
Post and Country Gentleman. 

CUSTOM HOUSE U. S. 

The Customs branch of the Government service 
at the Port of Philadelphia is housed in a classic, 
but inadequate, structure originally built for the 
second home of the United States Bank, in 1824. 
It faces north upon Chestnut Street, east of Fifth 
Street. The United States Sub-Treasury is located 
here. 

61 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 

The venerated document bearing this title was 
written by Thomas Jefferson, Chairman, and a 
Committee of Congress, including John Adams, 
Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and R. R. 
Livingston, charged with that duty, at his rooms 
in a house at the southwestern corner of 
Market and Seventh Streets, where the Penn 
National Bank is now located. It was read and 
adopted at the State House on the fourth day of 
July, 1776, and was first read to the people, in 
Independence Square, four days later, by John 
Nixon, a member of the Committee of Safety. 
The original document is preserved at the Treas- 
ury Department in Washington. — See Indepen- 
dence Hall, Penn National Bank. 



DELAWARE RIVER 

Historians differ with regard to the discovery of 
this broad and busy river by Europeans, but it is 
believed by those of most credence that Lord 
Delaware entered its estuary in 16 10. All agree 
that one Captain Cornelius Jacobson Mey came 
here in 1623 and built a fort, calling the stream 
the "South River," to distinguish it from the 
Hudson, then known as the "North River." The 
first comers were the Dutch (163 1). Later, in 1643, 
the Swedes set up a formal government at Tene- 
cong, now Tinicum, below the site of Philadelphia. 
English authority was peacefully established in 
1674. William Penn came five years later. The 
Delaware River is navigable to Trenton, N. J. 
The location of many large shipbuilding plants 
along its shores justifies the term, as applied to 
this busy river, as the "Clyde of America." 
— See Port of Philadelphia, Camden, Cramp & Sons, 
William Penn. 

62 



DENTISTRY, SCHOOL OF 

Spruce and Fortieth Streets. The Thomas 
W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute occupies 
a splendid building recently completed under a 
fund of about $1,500,000 devised for the purpose 
by Dr. Evans, famed as a dental practitioner in 
Paris in the period of the Empire. The Institute 
stands upon the site of the donor's childhood home. 
The institution is a department of the University 
of Pennsylvania. Its instructors number 64, and 
students 750. Connected with the Museum are 
displayed valuable relics of Napoleon III, with 
whom Dr. Evans was on intimate terms. — See 
University of Pennsylvania. 

DEPARTMENT STORES 

Retail concerns under this head are numerous. 

Those most important are: 

John Wanamaker, Chestnut and Market Streets, 

west of Thirteenth Street. 

Snellenburg & Co., Market and Twelfth Streets. 

Gimbel Bros., Market, Eighth and Ninth Streets. 

Strawbridge & Clothier, Market and Eighth 

Streets. 

Lit Brothers, Market, Eighth and Seventh Streets. 

Berg Brothers, 1007 Market Street. 

Bonwit,Teller & Co., Chestnut and Thirteenth Sts. 

— See special articles, Wanamaker, Snellenburg, 

Gimbel Bros, and Strawbridge & Clothier. 

DOCK STREET 

This highway of the old city extends from Third 
Street diagonally to Water Street. It follows the 
course of Dock Creek, a harbor in Colonial times. 
Dock Street is the great produce centre, busy and 
picturesque. 

DOONER'S HOTEL 

Tenth Street above Chestnut Street. 
Men only. 

63 



DREXEL BUILDING 

Fifth and Chestnut Streets. Offices. Bank- 
ing House of Drexel and Company. — See Drexel 
Institute. 

DREXEL INSTITUTE OF ART, SCIENCE AND 
INDUSTRY 

The late Anthony J. Drexel devoted an ample sum 
for the creation and maintenance of this splendid 
institution devoted to the education of the youth 
of both sexes, in manual and mental training. The 
building, located at Chestnut and Thirty-second 
Streets, is a beautiful structure. The course of 
instruction is divided into twelve departments. 
There are maintained here a notable museum of 
craftsmanship, a library and reading room, and a 
large auditorium in which popular lectures are 
occasionally given. 

DRUG EXCHANGE 

The Bourse, Fifth Street above Chestnut 
Street. — See Bourse. 

DUMONT'S (MINSTRELS) 
Arch and Ninth Streets. 

EASTERN PENITENTIARY 

Twenty-first Street and Fairmount Avenue. 

This state prison, established in 1829, is one of the 
most interesting penal institutions of America. 
Permits to visitors are to be had from the warden 
or the inspectors. Admission upon week-days 
between 2 and 4 p.m. At the present time the 
prisoners number 1456 persons. The "honor and 
friendship ' ' system now in vogue has done much 
to mitigate the sad lot of these prisoners. 

EDUCATION, BOARD OF 

Temporarily located on the twelfth floor of the 
Stock Exchange building, Walnut Street, west of 
Broad Street, — See Public Schools. 
64 



EDWIN FORREST HOME FOR ACTORS 

Out of the garnered wealth of his long career as a 
tragedian, Edwin Forrest gave his spacious country 
home at Holmesburg, Pa., to provide a happy- 
refuge for retired and worn-out fellow actors of 
both sexes. This place was associated with the 
happiest years of his wedded life and also with the 
real tragedy of his separation from his wife. The 
city residence of the Forrests was at Broad and 
Master Streets, where he died. It was long occu- 
pied by the School of Design. The body of Edwin 
Forrest reposes in the yard of St. Paul's Episcopal 
Church, on Third Street, below Walnut Street. 
— See St. Paul's Church. 

ELKS, ORDER OF 

Juniper and Arch Streets. 

ENGINEERS' CLUB 

Located at 131 7 Spruce Street, just east 
from Broad Street. 

EVENING BULLETIN 

Filbert and Juniper Streets. Afternoon paper, 
published on week-days. Established in 1847. 

EVENING LEDGER 

Ledger Building. Afternoon paper, published 
on week-days. Established in 19 15. 

FAIRMOUNT park 

The original Fairmount Park was created by 
Councils on September 28, 1855, and comprised 
1 10 acres upon the eastern side of the Schuylkill 
River. 

This is one of the most extensive pleasure grounds 
in the world, maintained by a municipality. It 
comprises 3526 acres, covering high ground upon 
both sides of the Schuylkill River and the ro- 
65 



mantic glen of the Wissahickon stream. It will 
soon be connected with the centre of the city by 
the spacious Parkway. The Park is especially 
rich in well-preserved Colonial buildings. The 
Memorial Hall art gallery and Horticultural 
Building are permanent reminders of the Centen- 
nial exhibition. The West Park may be seen by 
taking the cars of the Park electric railway from 
Belmont Avenue Entrance. East Park and Wissa- 
hickon drive require carriage or automobile. No 
other great park in the world is so largely and 
unreservedly used as a playground by the people. 
In addition to Fairmount Park, the city owns 
eighty minor parks and public squares. These are 
under the supervision of the Fairmount Park 
Commission. — See Fairmount Park Art Association. 

FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION 

This is an organization of private citizens devoted 
to the embellishment of the park by statuary, 
fountains, and artistic approaches through the 
expenditure of money donated by members and 
others. — See Fairmount Park. 

FARM JOURNAL 

Monthly published by the Wilmer Atkinson Com- 
pany at the Farm Journal Building, Seventh and 
Locust Streets (Washington Square). — See Wash- 
ington Square. 

FEDERAL BUILDING 

West side of Ninth Street, between Market 
and Chestnut Streets. In addition to the gen- 
eral Post Office, the Federal Courts and other 
local departments of the United States govern- 
ment are housed in this building, which, though 
comparatively modern, has become inadequate 
for the business now transacted here. — See Post 
Office. 

66 



FIRE DEPARTMENT 

Our fire fighters number a total of 1037 officers 
and men. The equipment comprises 58 steamers, 
8 chemical engines, 20 ladder trucks, 2 water 
towers, and 1 fire boat. These constitute the 
Fire Bureau, Department of Safety. As an inde- 
pendent feature of the Service, the Fire Insur- 
ance interests maintain three Fire Salvage com- 
panies. These men are equipped as firemen and 
are provided with automobile wagons. It is their 
duty to protect goods and other property, as far 
as possible, from fire and water. — See High Pres- 
sure Service. 



FIRE INSURANCE 

The first association formed in America for the 
mitigation of losses by fire was the Philadelphia 
Contributionship, organized in 1752. The oldest 
joint stock insurance corporation is the Insurance 
Company of North America, founded 123 years 
ago. Nearly fifty companies now do business here . 
The traditional fire-insurance district is along 
lower Walnut Street, from Dock Street to Fifth 
Street, and in nearby Fourth Street. Some im- 
portant companies, however, have removed to the 
sky-scraper centre near Broad Street. — See Fire 
Department. 



FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 

Seventh Street and South Washington 
Square. Organized in 1698, under the title of 
"Independents," this is the oldest Presbyterian 
congregation in America. From 1704 to 1793 the 
church was located at High and Bank Streets. 
The present building was completed in 1822. — See 
Churches. 

67 



FOR THE HUNGRY VISITOR 

Restaurants are maintained by all of the leading 
hotels and the department stores. Among the 
largely patronized and centrally located cafes 
are those at the Pennsylvania and Reading 
Terminals; Kugler's, 141 2 Chestnut Street; Cafe 
L'Aiglon, Fifteenth and Chestnut Streets; Arcadia, 
Widener Building; Hanscom's, 1221 Chestnut 
Street; Boothby's, 1225 Chestnut Street; Central 
Y. M. C. A., 142 1 Arch Street; Little Wilmot, 
14 10 South Penn Square, and Bourse, Fifth 
Street Entrance. — See Roof Gardens. 

FORREST (THEATRE) 

Broad Street, north of Walnut Street. 

— See Edwin Forrest. 
FRANKFORD 

A busy manufacturing and residential section in 
the northeastern part of the city. In this vicinity 
is located the "Bridesburg" United States 
Arsenal, which employs many hundreds of skilled 
workers in the manufacture of ammunition for 
large and small arms. — See Arsenal, U. S. 

FRANKFORD COUNTRY CLUB 

Oxford and Summerdale Streets. 

— See Frankford. 
FRANKLIN IN BRONZE 

As you proceed along Chestnut Street, west of 
Ninth, Benjamin Franklin, seated benignly in front 
of the Post Office — the Post Office that he started — 
greets you. This bronze is one of Philadelphia's 
artistic treasures. It was modelled in 1899 by 
John J. Boyle and presented to the city by Justus 
C. Strawbridge. It bears, in the words of Wash- 
ington, this tribute to his fellow patriot : ' ' Vener- 
ated for Benevolence. Admired for Talents. 
Esteemed for Patriotism. Beloved for Philan- 
thropy." 



Observe the thoughtful, amused expression on 
Ben's face. He is thinking of the time when, in 
1737, he kept the Post Office in a cracker box, and 
of 1753. when his salary, as Postmaster General, 
was $1000.00, and how he ordered that the North- 
ern mail from Philadelphia for New England 
should set out weekly, whereby it became pos- 
sible to send a letter to Boston and get a reply 
in three weeks instead of six weeks as before. 
Some change, Benjamin ! — See Post Office. 

FRANKLIN BUILDING 

Northeast corner of Broad and Chestnut 
Streets. Offices. 



FRANKLIN FIELD 

Thirty-third Street, north of Spruce Street. 
Athletic field of the University of Pennsylvania. 
Here on Saturday afternoons in the spring there 
are intercollegiate base-ball games, which are well 
worth seeing. Intercollegiate foot-ball continues 
in the fall until late November, the long series of 
games between ' ' Penn " and other colleges ending 
with the famous Army-Navy game after Thanks- 
giving. Reached by Walnut Street cars. — See 
University of Pennsylvania. 

FRANKLIN'S GRAVE 

In Christ Church Burial Ground, at the 

SOUTHEAST CORNER OF FlFTH AND ARCH 

Streets. Here a section of the old brick wall 
has been removed and the graves of the great 
philosopher and Deborah, his wife, and their chil- 
dren may be seen through the railing. Access may 
also be had to the cemetery, where many Colonial 
and Revolutionary notables are interred. — See 
Benjamin Franklin. 

69 



FRANKLIN INN CLUB 

In Cam ac Street, south of Walnut Street. 
This famous club is limited to men of letters and 
art — those who have gained wide recognition as 
authors, painters, and illustrators. These meet 
there daily to lunch in congenial company and 
surroundings. A small "theatre" fills the upper 
floor. — See Camac Street. 



FRANKLIN INSTITUTE 

The time-worn building, which is the home of The 
Franklin Institute, stands upon the east side of 
Seventh Street, south of Market Street. This 
society was organized in 1824 for the promotion 
of the mechanic arts. In this field it has exercised 
continuous activity, doing more to encourage 
inventive Americans than any other institution in 
America. Its medal is regarded as an honor of the 
highest rank. Its notable collection of mechanical 
appliances and library of technical books are un- 
equalled elsewhere. The Journal of The Franklin 
Institute, published since 1826, maintains the 
highest standards of scientific excellence. — See 
Benjamin Franklin. 

FRANKLIN RELICS PRESERVED IN 
PHILADELPHIA 

Philosophical Society : Model of a Franklin stove ; 
a combined chair and step-ladder, and an original 
electric battery. Nearly all of the philosopher's 
manuscripts and papers are preserved here. 
Independence Hall Museum: Lightning rod and 
an air pump. 

Franklin Institute: Electric generator; a dress 
sword presented to him in France in 1755. 
Library of Philadelphia: Electric generator; the 
minute-book of the Union Fire Company, partly 
in the handwriting of Franklin, as Secretary. 

70 



Historical Society of Pennsylvania : China punch 

keg presented to him in France; a burning-glass 

and a heavy wine glass. 

Curtis Publishing Company: Large collection of 

Franklin imprints. 

A press upon which Franklin worked is preserved 

at the National Museum in Washington. — See 

Benjamin Franklin. 

FRANKLIN SQUARE 
Located between Race and Vine Streets and 
west of Sixth Street. This is one of the four 
public spaces set apart by William Penn. For- 
merly surrounded by spacious residences, it is now 
largely environed by trade and manufacturing. 
A portion of the square was formerly used as a 
cemetery by a German congregation. 

FRATERNAL ORDERS 

A complete list of these will be found in the classi- 
fied directory of the Bell Telephone Company. — 
See Masonic Temple, Lu Lu Temple, and Elks. 

FRATERNITIES 

For the addresses of the Greek letter and other 
fraternities, consult the classified directory of the 
Bell Telephone Company. 

FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA 

This library system was chartered February, 1891. 
Pending the erection of the new $3,500,000 Main 
Library Building on the Parkway, the Library is 
administered at the northeast corner of Thirteenth 
and Locust Streets. There are 26 Branch Libraries, 
18 of which occupy buildings erected out of a 
fund of $1 ,500,000 presented to the city by Andrew 
Carnegie, for 30 Branch buildings. The Main 
Library and its Branches contain 494,992 volumes 
and 229,607 pamphlets. The circulation of books 
during 191 5 amounted to 2,730,173 volumes, and 
1,813,201 persons used the books for reference. 

71 



The Library is governed by a Board of Trustees 
composed of the Mayor, ex officio; the Presidents 
of City Councils, ex officio; one citizen, to be 
elected annually by each Branch of Councils, and 
eighteen other citizens. 

The expenses are provided for by an annual appro- 
priation to the Mayor, and by the income from 
trust funds given by George S. Pepper and 
others. The total value of the Library property 
{i.e., land and buildings), excluding books, is 
estimated at $1,753,023.23. The present officers 
are: President, Henry R. Edmunds; Librarian, 
John Ashhurst. — See Libraries. 

GARRICK THEATRE 

Chestnut Street, east of Broad Street. 

GAZETTE 

German daily, at 924 Arch Street. Established 
in 1879. 

GENESIS OF PHILADELPHIA 

Having completed the survey of the proposed city 
Thomas Holme began the sale of lots in 1683. In 
1684 Philadelphia was represented in the Provin- 
cial Council and the Assembly by three delegates. 
Borough government was superseded by city con- 
trol in 1 69 1, when the charter was granted. The 
city was divided into wards in 1705. — See William 
Penn. 

GEN. GRANT'S CABIN (FAIRMOUNT PARK) 

This interesting relic of the Civil War was removed 
to Philadelphia from City Point, Virginia, soon 
after the war closed, and was rebuilt at Lemon 
Hill. It was occupied as headquarters by Gen. 
U. S. Grant during the winter of 1864-1865. It 
is treasured as a little shack which sheltered many 
great men. — See Fairmount Park. 
72 



GERMAN HOSPITAL 

Corinthian and Girard Avenues. This hos- 
pital, one of the most efficient in the city, was 
established by German citizens in 1862, at 20th 
and Norris Streets. During the Civil War it was 
converted into a military hospital. The present 
site was bought in 1873. 

GERMANTOWN CRICKET CLUB 

Manheim and Morris Streets. Take German- 
town train, Pennsylvania R. R. — See Germantown. 

GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA 

This northern section of the city derives its name 
from a settlement of German immigrants who 
built their homes here long before the first visit 
of William Penn to his American domain. Al- 
though the city has absorbed it, there yet remain 
within its confines more buildings of interest to 
the historian than may be found in any other simi- 
lar community of the land. The masonry of the 
buildings is considered remarkable. An important 
battle of the Revolution was fought, in 1777, 
through its fields and streets. Its modern avenues 
are adorned with miles of beautiful homes. An 
interesting historical collection is preserved at the 
rooms of the Germantown Site and Relic Society. 
— See Site and Relic Society. 

GERMANTOWN SAVING FUND SOCIETY 

This society was formed in 1854. Its depositors 
number 29,680 and its liabilities are $10,744,976.83. 
— See Germantown. 

GIMBEL BROTHERS' STORE 

Market Street, Eighth to Ninth Streets. 
" Gimbel " has been a Philadelphia household word 
for almost a generation. The House of Gimbel 
counts nine sons and grandsons of Adam Gimbel, 

73 



merchant, of Vincennes, Indiana. In area occu- 
pied for retailing, the Philadelphia store, ten floors 
high, conducted by the Gimbels, covers nearly 
twenty-four acres. It is one of the five great stores 
of the world. An annex of the store fronts on 
Chestnut Street. Gimbel stores are located, also, 
in New York and Milwaukee. — See Department 
Stores. 



GIRARD, STEPHEN 

This remarkable citizen and merchant was born 
near Bordeaux, France, on May 20, 1750, son 
of an officer of the French navy. At the age of 
fourteen years he became a seaman in the mer- 
chant trade. In 1774 he came to the port of New 
York, and two years later he visited Philadelphia, 
and, being impressed with the prosperity he saw 
here, he became a grocer and ship chandler. In 
1777 he married Mary Lum, the daughter of a 
shipbuilder. They lived for a time at Mt. Holly, 
N. J. Mrs. Girard became demented after eight 
years of wedded life. She never recovered, and 
died insane about the year 181 1. She bore no 
children, and after the death of his brother, who 
had been his partner, Girard was alone, and so 
devoted himself to business, as a consolation. 
He so far succeeded that when he died, on Decem- 
ber 26, 1 83 1 , aged 8 1 years, he left a fortune of 
above $7,000,000. An ardent patriot, he aided 
the Government in the time of need, and especially 
during the War of 18 12. He became a banker in 
181 1. While his business methods were exact, 
he was always just. His beneficences were con- 
stant, but he is best remembered as the founder 
of Girard College, completed and opened for 
the education of orphan boys in 1848. — See Gir- 
ard Estate, Girard College, and Girard National 
Bank. 

74 



GIRARD ESTATE 

When the Board of Directors of City Trusts ivas 
created, in 1869, the value of the estate be- 
queathed by Stephen Girard to the municipality 
was carried upon the books at about $6,000,000. 
It is now estimated at $31,000,000, while there 
has been expended in the meantime $18,500,000 
for maintenance of the college, etc., and $2,500,000 
for new buildings upon the college property. In 
addition, the Board has erected three large office 
buildings, viz. : The Stephen Girard Building in 
1897, the Mariner and Merchant Building in 
1900 and the Lafayette Building in 1907. The 
offices of the estate are located in the last-named 
structure, at Fifth and Chestnut Streets. Out of 
the Girard Fund, also, there have been built a 
large number of handsome modern dwellings upon 
the site of Girard 's old farm in the southern por- 
tion of the city. Under the provisions of his will, 
much of the city water-front is lighted along 
Delaware Avenue. The estate now pays one per 
cent, of the total amount of taxes collected by 
the city. — See Girard, Stephen. 

GIRARD COLLEGE 

Corinthian and Girard Avenues. This great 
educational institution, founded by Stephen 
Girard, was opened for the education of orphan 
boys in 1848. The original outlay was about 
$2,000,000. The present value of the property is 
$5,000,000. It is administered by the Board of 
Directors of the City Trusts, a department of the 
City government. More than 9500 boys have 
been resident and have received educations here. 
The present number of students is about 1500. 
The average age is eight and a half years. Within 
the high stone wall , enclosing forty acres, are seven- 
teen buildings, including the new High School, 
costing $600,000, now being erected. The main 
building, of marble, is a reproduction of the 



famous Parthenon of Athens. The tomb of 
Stephen Girard is in this structure. His birth- 
day, May 21st, is celebrated by the cadets as 
"Founder's Day." Admission for visitors by 
card from the office of the Girard Estate in the 
Lafayette Building, at Chestnut and Fifth Streets. 
The name of Girard is perpetuated in Philadelphia 
by more than fifty institutions, corporations and 
business concerns. Girard Avenue is one of our 
most important highways. — See Girard, Stephen. 

GIRARD NATIONAL BANK 

Third Street, south of Chestnut Street. 
This important banking corporation, organized 
in 1864, occupies the stately old building erected 
in 1 797 for the first Bank of the United States, and 
subsequently purchased by Stephen Girard, who 
called it his "little institution." One of Uncle 
Stephen's strong boxes may be seen just inside of 
the bank's door. The structure is still owned by 
the Girard Estate. — See Girard, Stephen, and 
l> Banking Firsts." 

GLOBE THEATRE (MOTION PICTURES) 

Market Street and East Penn Square. 

" GLORIA DEI " (OLD SWEDES') CHURCH 

Swanson Street, below Christian Street. A 
visit to this quaint little church, far down town, is 
an excursion into Colonial days. Here, at Wicaco, 
a generation before William Penn and his English 
colonists came to claim the land, a Swedish out- 
post had its church and watch tower. Reassured, 
after his coming, the present brick church was built 
and continued to be sustained by the Swedish 
government as a Lutheran congregation to 1843. 
Thereafter, the members of the church adopted 
English service, and the tenets of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church. The interior is especially 
76 



interesting. Services are still held here, and 
strangers are made welcome. This is said to be 
the oldest structure in Philadelphia. Take cars 
south on Second Street to Christian Street, walk 
eastward to Swanson Street. — See "Old Swedes'" 
and Churches. 

GOLF 

Excellent private golf courses are numerous and 
popular in the beautiful environs of the city. This 
season, an ideal eighteen hole ground has been 
completed by the city authorities, under the direc- 
tion of the Park Commission. It is located along 
Cobb's Creek, upon the western margin of the 
city. Club houses have been fitted up for men and 
women. It is pronounced one of the most attrac- 
tive courses in the country. The amount ex- 
pended for this purpose was about $30,000. 
Among the leading golf links in and near the city 
are those of the Philadelphia Cricket Club at 
St. Martin's, Chestnut Hill; The Whitemarsh 
Valley Country Club, near Chestnut Hill; The 
Bala Golf Club, Belmont and Conshohocken 
Avenues; The Frankford Country Club, Oxford 
and Summerdale Avenues; and the Aronimink 
Golf Club, Drexel Hill. In professional golf, 
James M. Barnes, of the Whitemarsh Valley Club, 
holds open North and South Championship. — See 
Championships. 

GRAIN SHIPMENTS 

While the handling of grain at this port has been 
double that of preceding years in the fiscal year 
to June 1, 1916, that being 45,000,000 bushels, 
this equals but half that of Baltimore and one- 
fifth of the amount handled by New York. 
This was partly due to car shortage. The Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Company is now building a 
million-bushel elevator and the time is not far 
distant when Philadelphia will be able to do a 
f-ar greater business in this particular. 
77 



GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC 

Although the ranks of the Union Veterans of the 
Civil War are being rapidly depleted, there still 
remain in this city thirty-two posts of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. The local membership in- 
cludes many famous officers. Among the obser- 
vances of Memorial Day, at the end of May, are 
patriotic addresses by veterans before all of the 
public schools of the city, and the decoration of 
the graves of soldiers in all of the cemeteries. 
In this duty the order of the Sons of Veterans 
assists. The general office of the Department of 
Pennsylvania G. A. R. is at Chestnut Street and 
Fifth Street. The total number of surviving vet- 
erans in Philadelphia on June I, 191 6, is 2398. 
Among the valuable collections of Civil War tro- 
phies and relics those of Meade Post No. 1, in 
the Parkway Building, and of Post 2, on 12th 
Street, above Wallace, are the most important. — 
See Civil War. 

GRAND OPERA HOUSE 

Broad Street, north of Columbia Avenue. 

HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE AND 
HOSPITAL 

Fifteenth Street above Race Street. This 
was the original centre of the Homoeopathic 
School of Medicine. 

HAMILTON (HOTEL) 

1334 Walnut Street. 

HANOVER (HOTEL) 

Arch and Twelfth Streets. 

HARRISON BUILDING 

Market and Fifteenth Streets. Offices. 

78 



HAVERFORD COLLEGE 

Haverford, Pa. This widely known college was 
founded by the Orthodox branch of the Society of 
Friends in 1883. It is located upon the main line 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad nine miles from the 
city. — See Main Line. 
HAYES MECHANICS' HOME 

Belmont and Lankenau Avenues. This insti- 
tution may be reached via the Fairmount Park 
electric railway. It provides a home, in their 
declining years, for worthy mechanics who may 
need the "helping hand." This is the only 
Mechanics' Home in the state. 

HIGH-PRESSURE FIRE SERVICE 

This modern auxiliary in fire protection is the 
best in the world. The pumping stations at the 
Delaware River, foot of Race Street, and at Broad 
and Race Streets are capable of doing the work 
of eleven steam fire-engines through forty-nine 
miles of mains covering the business and manu- 
facturing districts. The system has its own 
private telephone alarm. The pressure flow may 
be concentrated at any given point instantly. 
Three pipe line wagons carry the special hose 
required for use in connection with the high-pres- 
sure water delivery. The high-pressure service 
is administered by the Water Bureau. — See Fire 
Department. 
HIGH SPOTS IN PHILADELPHIA 

Elevations above tide level are as follows: 
Billy Perm's Hat, 592 feet. 
Broad and Chestnut Streets, 44 feet. 
Broad Street and Columbia Avenue, 89 feet. 
Lehigh Avenue and Seventh Street, 99 feet. 
Thirty-second Street and Lehigh Avenue, 141 feet. 
Belmont and City Avenues, 292 feet. 
Sixty-first Street below Walnut Street, 114 feet. 
Fifty-third Street and Whitby Avenue, 106 feet. 
Summit, Chestnut Hill, 440 feet. 
79 



HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

This honored institution, founded in 1824, has an 
ample home in a fire-proof building at Thirteenth 
and Locust Streets. Its collection of books, about 
80,000 bound volumes, and its quarter million of 
pamphlets is of immense value. The portrait 
and historical gallery is large and interesting. 
The reading room is open daily to the general 
public. 



HISTORICAL SOCIETIES (OTHER) 

All of the larger libraries sustained from private 
sources are repositories of a wealth of historical 
material of local interest. Societies for the pres- 
ervation and discussion of our civic annals include 
the City History Society; the Site and Relic 
Society, Germantown; and the Frankford His- 
torical Society. — See Site and Relic Society, City 
History Society, and Frankford. 



HOMES 

Within the city limits there are nearly 370,000 
separate and distinct residences. Less than 
13,000 of these are of frame construction. By far 
the greater number are of two floors and a base- 
ment, and those built in the newer extensions of 
the city contain conveniences quite unknown, 
excepting to the wealthy, a generation ago. A 
fashion exists in Philadelphia, amounting almost 
to a passion, for ownership. More houses in this 
city are owned by their occupants than in any 
other large city in the world; these number 
125,000. This is due to the building and loan 
associations, of which there are more than one 
thousand. The average size of the Philadelphia 
family is 5.10 persons, which is above that of any 
other city. — See Building Associations. 

80 



HORSE SHOWS 

These notable shows are held at Devon and Bryn 
Mawr upon the "Main'Line" and at St. Martin's, 
Chestnut Hill. At these shows public interest is 
divided between the gathering of wealth and 
fashion and the riding and driving events upon 
the programme. — See Main Line and Chestnut 
Hill. 

HORTICULTURAL BUILDING, FAIRMOUNT 
PARK 

Built by the city as a central glory of the "Cen- 
tennial," this graceful Moresque structure of iron 
and glass is carefully preserved, as it encloses the 
finest palm garden in the land. The little palm- 
lets of forty years ago have grown into stately 
trees. They fill the conservatory, which has 80 
by 230 feet of floor space. In the adjoining floral 
halls are shown, at all seasons, the wealth of a 
thousand blossoming plants. Here is the Mecca 
of every horticulturist who comes to Philadelphia, 
and it is worth a long journey to see. — See Cen- 
tennial, Fairmount Park. 

HOSPITALS 

Eighty-two hospitals are maintained by the city, 
the University and Medical Colleges, and pri- 
vate corporations. Free medical and surgical 
treatment is provided at many of these beneficent 
institutions. — See Jefferson Medical College, 
Medico-Chi, and Pennsylvania Hospital. 

HOUSING ASSOCIATION 

130 South Fifteenth Street. Organized to 
promote the betterment of slum districts through 
repairs, rebuilding and the introduction, by the 
city, of proper sanitary conditions. 

HOUSTON HALL, U. OF P. 

This is a general exchange, club, and lecture hall 
for the students of the University. — See University 
of Pennsylvania. 

81 



HOW PHILADELPHIA BEGINS THE YEAR 

The New Year is greeted in the Quaker City with 
a burst of splendid harlequinry. Miles of kings, 
queens, courtiers and clowns come marching up 
spacious Broad Street to the music of a hundred 
bands, and all Philadelphia turns out to enjoy the 
glittering pageant. Not only Philadelphians, but 
thousands from afar come and fill the hotels. The 
Mummers belong to us and they are an institution. 
They annually serve notice, to all concerned, that 
we have, here, the livest community on the map, 
bar none! 

INDEPENDENCE HALL 

Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth 
Streets. 

This is the best loved building in America. 
Designed by Andrew Hamilton, speaker of the 
Colonial Assembly. Building commenced under 
authority of the Province of Pennsylvania in 1 732 ; 
completed in 1 741 . The lower part of the present 
tower was built in 1750. The present upper part 
of the tower was built in 1828, being 60 feet 
higher than the original steeple. The Colonial 
Assembly occupied the building until the Revolu- 
tionary period. Occupied by Continental Con- 
gress from 1775 to the close of the Revolution 
(excepting period of British occupation). Wash- 
ington was appointed here Commander in Chief 
of the Continental Army, June 16, 1775, and on 
July 9, 1778, the Articles of Confederation were 
adopted. Here on November 3, 1781, the twenty- 
four standards captured at Yorktown were pre- 
sented to Congress. The Declaration of Inde- 
pendence was signed here on July 4, 1776, but 
it was not made public until July 8th. The 
Constitution of the United States was framed and 
adopted in this building. The State Legislature 
met here until 1799. The City of Philadelphia 
bought the buildings and square in 18 16. East 
room was restored in 1824, on Lafayette's visit 

82 



to this City. City Councils met here from 1854 
until the new City Hall was built. The buildings 
were restored to present condition in 1899. The 
Independence Hall is open on week-days and Sun- 
day afternoons. Nearly a million people visit this 
''birthplace of American Nationality " every year. 

INDEPENDENCE SQUARE 

The nation may thank the authorities of the Prov- 
ince of Pennsylvania, for long the owner of Inde- 
pendence Square, that this restful public park 
remains to provide a spacious view of Indepen- 
dence Hall and its flanking structures. The square 
has been the scene of many imposing patriotic 
assemblages. It is, and will ever continue to be, a 
spot sacred to every American who walks beneath 
its wealth of foliage. The city has recently effected 
extensive repairs to the buildings and improve- 
ments of the grounds. — See Congress Hall and 
Independence Hall. 

INQUIRER 

1 109 Market Street. Philadelphia daily morn- 
ing paper. Established in 1829. 

INSURANCE 

The first insurance policies written for Americans 
were for marine hazards, and were issued in Lon- 
don. The first American Insurance agent was 
John Copson, who engaged in the business in 172 1 
"at his house on High Street, " Philadelphia. The 
first fire insurance company in America was organ- 
ized by Benjamin Franklin and his friends on April 
13th, 1752, under the title of "The Philadelphia 
Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from 
Loss by Fire." The earliest life insurance com- 
pany organized in America dates from 1769, its 
purpose being "the Relief of the Widows and 
Orphans of Clergymen of the Church of England 
and America." — See "Banking and Insurance 
Firsts." 

83 



JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE 

Walnut and Tenth Streets. This institution 
was originally a branch of the Jefferson College 
at Canonsburg, Pa. It was established in Phila- 
delphia in 1824 and chartered in 1828. A hospital 
of great convenience, because of its central loca- 
tion, adjoins the college. — See Hospitals. 

JEWELLERS* CLUB 

1 1 10 Chestnut Street. 

JEWISH CHARITIES 

Our Jewish citizens maintain seventeen charities 
which are notable because the money devoted to 
their use, amounting annually to more than 
$200,000, is derived entirely from voluntary sub- 
scriptions by persons of that faith. An associa- 
tion for the care of Jewish immigrants has existed 
here since 1884. 

JEWISH HOSPITAL 

Church Lane, Germantown. 

JUNGER M^NNERCHOR CLUB 

1643 North Broad Street. 

KEITH'S (THEATRE) 

Chestnut Street below Twelfth Street. 

KENSINGTON, PHILADELPHIA 

An important industrial section of the city, in 
the northeastern quarter. — See Cramp & Sons. 

KEYSTONE (HOTEL) 

Market and Sixteenth Streets. 

LADIES' HOME JOURNAL 

Monthly magazine. Curtis Publishing Company, 
Independence Square. Established by Cyrus H. 
K. Curtis, this was the first of the Curtis maga- 
zines to achieve, through his genius, a world 
circulation. Editor, Edward W. Bok. — See Curtis 
Publishing Company. 

84 



LAFAYETTE BUILDING 

Northeast corner of Chestnut and Fifth 
Streets. Offices. The offices of the Girard 
Estate are located here. — See Girard Estate. 

LAND TITLE BUILDING 

Southwest corner of Broad and Chestnut 
Streets. Offices. 

LEST YOU FORGET 

Philadelphia has grown from one house 233 years 
ago to 430,000 properties in 19 16. Of these about 
366,000 are dwellings, all of which, excepting some 
13,000, are of brick or stone. 
There are, within the city limits, 750 miles of 
railroad trackage. 

Of the 264 lines of manufacturing industry classi- 
fied in the last U. S. census 211 are represented 
in the 8379 manufacturing establishments of 
Philadelphia. 

Forty per cent, of the wealth and 30 per cent, of 
the national population are found within 250 
miles of this city. 

If the streets of the city were placed end to end 
they would extend from Philadelphia to Denver 
and at night they would be illuminated continu- 
ously by electric and gas lamps 170 feet apart. — 
See Capital and Wages. 

LIBERTY BELL— BEST LOVED RELIC IN 
AMERICA 

The Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania, 
desiring a bell for the tower of the State House 
(Independence Hall) , ordered one from England in 
1752. It was strangely prophetic that the Assembly 
caused a quotation from Leviticus to be cast upon 
this bell. It reads: "Proclaim Liberty throughout 
all the land and to all inhabitants thereof." Upon 
being tested, the bell cracked. Two founders, Pass 
and Stow, were employed to recast it. This they 

85 



did twice. The bell was in use until 1835, when it 
cracked, while being tolled, during the funeral of 
Chief Justice John Marshall. The old bell has been 
taken from its home in Independence Hall nine 
times, the most recent of which was its tour to the 
Pacific Coast. Philadelphia is proud to show this 
splendid old relic now and then to millions of 
Americans afar. To look upon it is to become a 
better, a more patriotic citizen. It is America's 
most beloved relic. The journeys of the Liberty- 
Bell have been: 1777, to Allentown upon the 
approach of the British Army; 1884, to New 
Orleans; 1893, to Chicago; 1895, to Atlanta; 
1902, to Charleston; 1903, to Boston; 1904, to 
St. Louis; 1908, on Founder's Day, at Philadelphia; 
191 5, to San Francisco. — See Independence Hall. 

LIBRARIES 

Philadelphia is well provided in the matter of 
reading material by some fifty libraries. Those of 
most interest to visitors are: 
The Philadelphia Library, Locust Street at Jun- 
iper Street. 

The Ridgway Branch of same at Broad and Chris- 
tian Streets. 

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Thir- 
teenth and Locust Streets. 

The Mercantile Library, Tenth Street above 
Chestnut Street. 

The Masonic Library, Masonic Temple. 
The Free Library System is administered from 
Thirteenth and Locust Streets. In addition to 
the palatial Josephine Widener Library, the 
Carnegie fund of $1,500,000 provides for the con- 
struction of thirty libraries, the majority of which 
have been erected. — See Special Articles on above 
institutions. 

LINCOLN BUILDING 

Broad Street and South Penn Square. This 
was formerly the Betz Building. Offices. 



LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, J. B. 

Poor Richard's Dictionary was made into a book 
by the J. B. Lippincott Company, an institution 
that has been making good books in this old town 
since 1792. For eighty-nine years it has been 
directed by the same family, the present head 
being J. Bertram Lippincott; the Vice-President, 
Joseph Wharton Lippincott; Secretary, Horace 
S. Ridings; Treasurer, Ellis W. Bacon; General 
Manager, Alfred C. Balch. It would take a 
volume larger than this to describe the output of 
this house in the century and a quarter of busy 
life during which it has carried the name of Phila- 
delphia as a publishing centre to the four corners 
of the earth. The Lippincott plant is modern 
and complete and conducted in line with the 
highest ideals of the art. Whether it be a literary, 
educational, scientific, medical or genealogical 
book that is required, one has simply to give Lip- 
pincott the manuscript and they will do the rest. 

LITTLE WALK TO HISTORIC SHRINES 

Eastward along Chestnut Street leads to Congress 
Hall at Sixth Street and its even more revered 
neighbor, Independence Hall. Just south of 
Chestnut Street on Fifth Street is the building of 
the American Philosophical Society. Midway 
between Fourth and Third Streets, reached by a 
court upon the south side, is Carpenters' Hall. On 
Third Street south from Chestnut Street stands 
America's oldest bank building, now occupied by 
the Girard National Bank. Christ Church is 
upon Second Street north from Market Street, 
and should be included. Proceeding up Second 
Street to Arch Street leads to the Flag House, 
where, at 229 Arch Street, Betsy Ross, Quaker 
matron and maker of flags, is said to have sewn 
the first "Old Glory, "under the direction of 
Washington. At Arch and Fifth Streets is the 
grave of Benjamin Franklin. On Seventh Street 
below Arch Street (at 37 North Seventh Street) 
87 



is the site of the first U. S. Mint (1792 to 1832). 
Here stood the first piece of real estate ever owned 
by our National Government. At the south- 
west corner of Seventh and Market Streets stood 
the house in which Thomas Jefferson penned the 
Declaration of Independence, see Tablet on the 
front of the Penn National Bank. Just below, 
upon the east side of Seventh Street, stands the 
venerable Franklin Institute. Across the way 
is the Master Builders' Exchange, where formerly 
stood the first German Society in America. — See 
Philosophical, Carpenters' Hall, Girard, Christ 
Church, Betsy Ross, Franklin's Grave, Mint, U. S., 
Penn National Bank, Franklin Institute, Master 
Builders' Exchange. 

LOITERINGS IN THE OLD SECTIONS 

Another "close by" ramble may begin at Sixth 
and Walnut Streets. Here, where the great Curtis 
Building stands triumphant, was situated, in far- 
away times, the Loganian Library, first of its kind, 
and where the new Penn Mutual Building rises 
there was for more than seventy years the city 
prison, tragic of memory. A diagonal walk across 
Washington Square brings into view at Seventh 
and Locust Streets the First Presbyterian Church, 
oldest of our congregations. On Locust Street, 
west from Eighth Street, is the once-famous 
Musical Fund Hall. Upon Eighth Street, near 
Locust, is the historic Morris residence, a beauti- 
ful example of colonial architecture. At Walnut 
and Ninth Streets the visitor may see America's 
oldest theatre, and, walking thence down Ninth 
Street to Pine Street, he will come upon the 
beneficent Pennsylvania Hospital. Returning to 
Spruce Street and turning westward he will 
traverse a well-preserved residential section typi- 
cal of the dignity and comfort our grandsires 
sought and found here when it was the outer 
margin of their Philadelphia. 
88 



Lastly, if one cares to glimpse the crowded pur- 
lieus of old downtown, let him begin at Broad and 
South Streets, loitering eastward along that 
cheerful, busy, polyglot thoroughfare, with de- 
tours into its intersecting streets, picturesque and 
full of movement, quaintly foreign in its curb- 
stone markets, rich in worth-while bits for the 
snap-shot camera. Here is Philadelphia's melting 
pot in which the children of the Old World are 
happily becoming citizens of the New. — See Presby- 
terian, Musical Fund, and Walnut Street Theatre. 

LITTLE WILMOT (HOTEL) 

South Penn Square, west of Broad Street. 

LOGAN SQUARE 

Between Eighteenth, Nineteenth, Race and 
Vine Streets. This attractive public space, one 
of Penn's five squares, will form a central feat- 
ure of the new Parkway. Here, in 1864, was held 
the U. S. Sanitary Fair in aid of the sick and 
wounded Union soldiers and sailors of the Civil 
War. A worthy memorial monument to the 
soldiers and sailors of 1861-65 is to be placed in 
this square. 

The Roman Catholic Cathedral, Wills Eye 
Hospital, and Academy of Natural Sciences face 
upon the square. — See Parkway, Cathedral, 
Academy of Natural Sciences. 

LOYAL LEGION, MILITARY ORDER OF 

This order originated in Philadelphia at the close 
of the Civil War and upon the day of President 
Lincoln's death. Its membership is confined to 
commissioned officers of the Union service in the 
Civil War or Union soldiers and sailors of that war 
who subsequently gained commissions in the army 
or navy of the United States, also the male de- 
scendants of such officers. The order is of national 

89 



scope. The headquarters of the order is, in Phila- 
delphia, in the Flanders Building, at Walnut 
and Fifteenth Streets, where a military museum 
and extensive military and naval library are 
maintained. — See Civil War. 

LU LU TEMPLE (NOBLES OF THE MYSTIC 
SHRINE) 

1337 Spring Garden Street. 

" MAIN LINE » 

To live out along the " Main Line " of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, anywhere within a dozen or even 
twenty miles of the city, is in itself a patent of 
social position. Beyond Overbrook, at the city 
limit, the residential villages and boroughs of most 
consequence are Merion, Narberth, Wynnewood, 
Ardmore, Haverford, Bryn Mawr, Rosemont, 
Villa Nova, Radnor, St. David's, Wayne, Devon, 
and Berwyn, the last named being about seven- 
teen miles from the City Hall. The traveller, 
coming from the westward, thus approaches the 
city through a lovely park-like region, strewn with 
beautiful country estates, which present a picture 
of ideal rural life not equalled elsewhere in America . 
— See Auto Glimpses and Pennsylvania R. R. 

MAJESTIC (HOTEL) 

Broad Street and Girard Avenue. 

MANAYUNK, PHILADELPHIA 

This important manufacturing suburb is located 
along the Schuylkill River and within the city 
limits. Here are the first of a continuous array of 
great industries which border the stream for many 
miles. Manayunk is reached by Schuylkill Valley 
trains of the Reading and Pennsylvania lines 
and by electric street cars of the Ridge Avenue 
route. 

90 



MANUFACTURERS' CLUB 

Broad and Walnut Streets. The organization 
of this powerful and representative club was ef- 
fected at a meeting held in the Continental Hotel 
on April 25, 1887. The first club house was 
in a large private residence at 13 19 Walnut Street. 
Two years later removal was made to the building 
adjoining the Bellevue Hotel on the west. The 
latter building was annexed after it was vacated 
as a hotel. This historic hotel was removed in 
19 13 to make room for the club's present splendid 
building which was opened on March 1, 19 14. 
The property represents a value of nearly $3,000,- 
000. The membership at present is two thousand. 
— See Manufactures. 



MANUFACTURES 

Philadelphia adds more value to raw material in 
the course of manufacture than does any other 
city. It leads every other city in the value of its 
manufacture of textiles, carpets, rugs, leather 
goods, hosiery, knit goods, woollen goods, loco- 
motives, steel railway cars, iron and steel ships, 
felt hats, saws, upholstered goods, oil-cloth and 
many lesser articles. It has over nine thousand 
manufacturing plants operated on the factory 
system. In the production of foundry and 
machine shop products, sugar and molasses re- 
fining, petroleum refining, worsted goods, chemi- 
cals, druggists' preparations, dyeing and finishing 
textiles, cordage and twine, and fertilizers, Phila- 
delphia stands pre-eminent. The capital invested 
is seven hundred millions of dollars ($700,000,000). 
— See Philadelphia, the World's Greatest Work- 
shop, and Philadelphia s Time-Table. 

91 



MARINER AND MERCHANT BUILDING 

Third and Chestnut Streets. 

This modern down-town office building is in the 
heart of Philadelphia's traditional financial centre. 
It is owned by the estate of Stephen Girard, 
deriving its name from the opening clause of his 
famous will, "I, Stephen Girard, Mariner and 
Merchant," etc. The structure occupies the site 
of the former offices of the Public Ledger, Record, 
Evening Bulletin and Evening Telegraph. In the 
building of the latter the banking house of Jay 
Cooke & Co. was located in the Civil War period. 
The upper floors are devoted to the advertising 
business of N. W. Ayer & Son. — See Advertising. 

MARITIME EXCHANGE 

This important exchange was organized in March, 
1875, for the gathering and dissemination of all 
marine information related to the Delaware River 
and the Port of Philadelphia. In this field of 
service the Exchange has long been one of the 
leading factors in the growing commerce of this 
port. The offices are located upon the first floor 
of the Bourse. — See Bourse and Port of Phila- 
delphia. 

MARKET STREET 

This broad and busy street is generally regarded as 
the central highway of the city. It was originally 
called High Street. Its later name was due to the 
range of market buildings formerly placed along 
the centre of the street. The great department 
stores front on Market Street. From the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad ferry -house to the City Hall is just 
one mile. Market Street extends sixty-three 
blocks, its rural extension beyond the city line 
being West Chester Pike. Surface, subway and 
elevated railways traverse its entire length. — See 
Subways and Department Stores. 

92 



MARKETS 

Borrowing the old English idea of market shelters, 
Philadelphia built its first permanent street market 
structure at the foot of High Street in 1709. 
These sheds were afterward continued to Eighth 
Street. They existed until 1859. There were also 
two squares of markets west of Fifteenth Street. 
Similar markets were built on other of the older 
streets. Those on Second Street are still in use. 
They were generally superseded by large buildings 
erected by corporations. The majority of these 
are yet in service. In the new outer sections of 
the city most of the housewives now patronize 
supply stores. The largest market in the city is 
under the Reading Railway Terminal, on Twelfth 
Street above Market Street. — See Old Markets. 

MARLBOROUGH (HOTEL) 

1 108 Walnut Street. 

MARRIAGES, BIRTHS AND POPULATION 

Each day adds eighty-two persons to Philadel- 
phia's population. There is a marriage every forty 
minutes and a birth every twelve minutes. The 
population increases at the rate of 30,000 per 
year, equivalent to the total population of a city 
the size of Pasadena, Cedar Rapids, or Lansing. 
The present number of residents in Philadelphia 
is above 1,700,000. This exceeds the combined 
population of Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New 
Mexico and Utah. — See Philadelphia and the 
Census. 

MASK AND WIG CLUB 
310 Quince Street. 

MASONIC TEMPLE 

Prior to the Revolutionary War, the order of Free 
Masons had built the first Masonic Hall in Amer- 
ica. It was located upon the south side of Lodge 
Street, the site now being covered by the United 

93 



States Appraisers' Building. The Grand Lodge 
met, in its history, in various inns and halls. In 
1802, it built a hall in Filbert Street, west from 
Eighth Street, and ten years later moved to a then 
splendid building on Chestnut Street, north side, 
west of Seventh Street. This was burned in 1819. 
The Masons rebuilt it, and, in 1853, replaced it 
with a fine Gothic hall, long the pride of Chestnut 
Street. The present great Temple at Broad and 
Filbert Streets was dedicated in 1873. It is the 
most costly Masonic building in the world. Its 
beautiful series of lodge and Templars halls, the 
library, and Masonic Museum are open to the 
public on week-days after 10 a.m. — See Libraries. 

MASTER BUILDERS' EXCHANGE 

18 South Seventh Street. Dating from 1887, 
this is the oldest of the now numerous Builders' 
Exchanges of the country. Acquiring the old 
German Society building in 1889, which had long 
been leased as offices of the city gas works, the 
Builders' Exchange has greatly improved the 
property. A permanent exhibition of building 
materials occupies the first floor. The member- 
ship of about seven hundred includes representa- 
tives of all the building and allied trades. The 
greater part of the construction impetus of the 
city centres here. — See Little Walk. 

MAYOR AND HIS CABINET 

Mayor of Philadelphia, Hon. Thomas B. Smith. 

Director of Public Safety, William H. Wilson. 

Director of Public Works, George E. Datesman. 

Director of Supplies, Joseph S. MacLaughlin. 

Director of Public Health and Charities, Wilmer 

Krusen, M.D. 

Director of Wharves, Docks and Ferries, George 

S. Webster. 

Director of City Transit, William S. Twining. — 

See City Government. 

94 



MAYOR'S OFFICE (CITY HALL) 

The sumptuous reception chamber bearing this 
title is located on the second floor, north front, of 
the City Hall. It contains portrait paintings of the 
successive Mayors of the city. — See City Govern- 
ment and City Hall. 

MEDICAL PUBLISHING 

Philadelphia has always been the leading source 
of supply in medical works. The leading concerns 
in this line of publishing are P. Blakiston's Son 
& Co., Boericke & Tafel, F. A. Davis Company, 
Lea & F.ebiger, J. B. Lippincott Company, W. B. 
Saunders Company and S. S. White Dental 
Company. — See " Medical Firsts." 

MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL COLLEGE 
Fronting upon Cherry Street, from Seven- 
teenth to Eighteenth Street. The hospital 
department of this college contains the finest clinic 
amphitheatre in the United States. The college 
provides instruction in Medicine, Dentistry, Phar- 
macy and Chemistry. This institution has been 
merged with the University of Pennsylvania. 

MEMORIAL HALL 

Fairmount Park. This substantial building has 
been preserved as a permanent reminder of the 
National Centennial Exhibition of 1876, during 
which it was used as a gallery for foreign and 
American art works. Many interesting articles 
presented by foreign governments at the close of 
the Exposition are displayed here. Extensive 
collections of ceramics, carvings, textiles, coins, 
armor, etc., given or loaned by private collectors, 
are among the treasures to be seen. There are 
also numerous and excellent paintings. Memorial 
Hall is open daily, including Sunday afternoons. 
From the centre of the city the best route to 
Memorial Hall is via the subway-elevated line to 
Fortieth Street Station on Market Street, trans- 
ferring there to car of Route 40. — See Fairmount 
Park and Centennial. 

95 



MEMORIAL TABLETS 

Bronze tablets of historical import are being 
located throughout the city in many places. 
Those now existent include the following: 
John Nixon, south wall, Independence Hall. 
Chief Justice John Marshall, Congress Hall, Sixth 
and Chestnut Streets. 

Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to Frankford, 
at Frankford. 
Jolly Post Inn, Frankford. 

Commodore Stephen Decatur, St. Peter's P. E. 
Church, Third and Pine Streets. 
Declaration of Independence, Independence Hall. 
Benjamin and Deborah Franklin, Arch and Fifth 
Streets. 

Benjamin Franklin, University of Pennsylvania. 
Dr. John Morgan, University of Pennsylvania 
(Medical). 

Robert Morris, University of Pennsylvania (Whar- 
ton School). 

Members of Continental Congress who were U. of 
P. men, University of Pennsylvania. 
James Wilson, Christ Church. 
88th Regiment P. V., Fairmount Park, at Falls of 
Schuylkill. 

First Supreme Court of U. S., at Congress Hall. 
Congress Hall, Sixth and Chestnut Streets. 
Provost William Smith, University of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Gen. David B. Birney, Logan, Philadelphia. 
Stephen Girard, Girard Bank. 
Site of Markoe residence, Record Building. 
Site of Morris's "Folly," 714 Chestnut Street. 
"Hail Columbia," Chestnut Street Theatre, 605 
Chestnut Street. 

Soldiers' Home, 1864, Sixteenth and Filbert 
Streets. 

Satterlee U. S. Military Hospital (Marker), 
Clarence Clark Park, Baltimore Avenue and 44th 
Street. 

9G 



MERCANTILE CLUB 

Broad Street above Master Street. 

— See Clubs. 
MERCANTILE LIBRARY 

Tenth Street above Chestnut Street. The 

Mercantile Library Company was formed in 1 82 1 . 
In 1844 it erected a building upon Fifth Street 
opposite Independence Square. It was removed 
to its present location, having purchased the 
Franklin Market House. The library is of a gen- 
eral character and has always been popular with 
the public. 

MERION CRICKET CLUB 

Haverford. Local trains, Main Line, Pennsyl- 
vania R. R. Situated in the heart of the fashion- 
able "Main Line" district, this club is a leader in 
many forms of amateur athletics. — See Main Line 
and Cricket Clubs. 

METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE 

Broad and Poplar Streets. Built in recent 
years, this beautiful auditorium ranks first among 
the entertainment houses of the city. 

MINT, U. S., THE FIRST 

The first United States Mint was built upon Sev- 
enth Street, south of Arch Street, under the direc- 
tion of President Washington, in 1792. Its group 
of three buildings formed the first real estate 
owned by the Nation. The first Director was 
David Rittenhouse. All of the early coinage of the 
land was made here. This Mint was in operation 
to 1832. The old buildings were removed, a few 
years ago, by Mr. Frank H. Stewart, whose com- 
pany, engaged in electric manufacturing, occupies 
the site. Mr. Stewart has done much to preserve 
the history of the old Mint and its records. — See 
Mint, U. S. t The Second. 
97 



MINT, U. S., THE SECOND 

Chestnut Street below Broad Street. Built 
in 1832, this classic structure was for nearly sev- 
enty years a leading attraction for visitors. Prior 
to 1873, the office of the Director of Mints was 
located here. Here also were made all coinage 
dies. The standard pound was kept here. A 
comprehensive collection was always on exhibition. 
The site is now covered by the new Widener 
office building. — See Mint,U. S., Present Building. 

MINT, U. S., PRESENT BUILDING 

Spring Garden Street west of Sixteenth 
Street. This splendid national structure was 
occupied by the Government in 190 1. It is built 
of Maine granite and has a frontage of 400 feet. 
It is the finest Mint building in the world, costing 
$2,400,000. Two-thirds of our entire coinage is 
made here. A large staff of guides is constantly 
in attendance to show visitors through the de- 
partments. Open week-days from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. 
— See Mint, U. S., The First. 

MONUMENTAL FEATURES IN FAIRMOUNT 
PARK 

The superb Washington Group, a fountain, pre- 
sented by the Society of the Cincinnati, Green 
Street Entrance. This is the largest American 
bronze monument. 
Lincoln Monument, Lemon Hill. 
Morton McMichael, Lemon Hill. 
Robert Burns Group, East River Drive, Lemon 
Hill, near boat houses. 

Garfield Monument, East River Drive, below 
Girard Avenue. 

Joan D'Arc, east end of Girard Avenue Bridge. 
Gen. U. S. Grant Equestrian Monument, East 
River Drive, above Girard Avenue Bridge. 
John Welsh Memorial, on site of the main building 
of the Centennial Exhibition. 
98 



Civil War Memorial, Centennial Concourse, 
erected at a cost of $500,000 by the estate of 
Richard Smith. 

Anthony Drexel, Lansdowne Drive. 
Gen. George Gordon Meade Equestrian Monu- 
ment, Lansdowne Drive. 
Soldier of the Civil War, near George's Hill. 
Catholic Fountain, west of Belmont Drive. 
Columbus Statue, Italian, Belmont Drive. 
"Religious Liberty," Jewish, Horticultural Hall. 
German Monuments, Horticultural Hall. 
88th Regt. P. V. Camp Site, Falls of Schuylkill.— 
See Centennial and Fairmount Park. 

MOTHERS' DAY 

"Mothers' Day," now observed generally upon 
the second Sunday in May, was first suggested 
by a Philadelphia lady, Miss Anna Jarvis. It is 
a renewal of an old English mid-Lent custom. _ It 
became a national memorial day by Proclamation 
of the President on May 8, 19 14. The symbol 
of Mothers' Day is a white carnation. 

MORRIS BUILDING 

1 42 1 Chestnut Street. Offices. 

MUNICIPAL AREA 

The area of the City and the County of Philadel- 
phia are coincidental, being 129^ square miles. 
This exceeds the combined area of Boston, Balti- 
more and Cleveland. Upon its longest axis the 
city extends twenty miles. 

MUSICAL FUND HALL 

Locust Street west of Eighth Street. This 
now neglected public hall is remembered only by 
elderly persons as a once fashionable auditorium. 
It was built by a society organized in 1820 for the 
relief of distressed musicians. Upon its stage have 
appeared the world's greatest songsters and in- 
strumentalists. It was long considered the best 
concert hall in the United States. — See Loitering 
in the Old Sections. 

99 



MUSICAL PHILADELPHIA 

Philadelphia has always enjoyed a reputation as a 
musical centre. Musical Fund Hall, built in 1824, 
by a Society of Musicians, was one of the first 
and long the most famed concert hall in America. 
The triumph of the Philadelphia Orchestra, this 
present year, here and in New York, is a matter 
of nation-wide interest. We have, in addition to 
that capable organization led by the talented 
Stokowsky, a number of notable groups in the 
musical world. Best known of these are the 
Mendelssohn Club, the Choral Society, the Junger 
Maennerchor, the Operatic Society, the Fort- 
nightly Club, Behrens Opera Club, Fellowship 
Club and Orpheus Club. Military bands, pro- 
viding popular concerts in the summer months, 
attract large and appreciative audiences at the 
City Hall Plaza and Convention Hall. The 
Municipal Band provides music in the many 
small parks and there are also frequent con- 
certs in Fairmount Park. Those at Willow Grove 
and Woodside Park nightly are elsewhere men- 
tioned. The Municipal Department of Safety 
has, in its Police Band, a fine parade and concert 
organization, and there are few regimental bands 
in America superior to those attached to the local 
bodies of the Pennsylvania National Guard and 
the Independent State Fencibles. — See Fairmount 
Park, Willow Grove, Academy of Music, Metro- 
politan Opera House, Musical Fund Hall. 



MUTUAL LIFE BUILDING 

Northwest corner of Chestnut and Tenth 
Streets. When erected by the Mutual Life 
Insurance Company in 1875 it was the highest 
business structure in the city and the first modern 
office building. 

100 



NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNSYLVANIA, 

Philadelphia Contingent 

In every emergency Philadelphia has responded 
with disciplined citizen soldiery at the call of 
Nation or State. Under the present State admin- 
istration the official staff of the Governor includes 
the following Philadelphians : Colonels Edward de 
V. Morrell, Horace L. Haldeman, J. Warner Hut- 
chins, Lieutenant Colonels Walter T. Bradley, 
Thomas E. Murphy, Samuel T. Lit, Benjamin Wolf, 
Louis J. Kolb, John Gribbel and J. Howell Cum- 
mings. Efficient Philadelphia officers are identified 
with the several Departments of the State Military 
force. The organizations in the city are: Field 
Hospital No. 2, Tacony, Philadelphia; Engineer 
Battalion, Co. B, 2025 Sansom St.; First Regi- 
ment Cavalry, Colonel, 521 N. 22d St.; First 
Squadron Cavalry, Major, 520 Walnut St. ; First 
Troop, Philadelphia, City Cavalry, 23d and 
Ranstead Sts. ; Second Troop, Phila. City Cavalry, 
330 S. 22d St. ; Troop A, 330 S. 22d St. ; Troop G, 
1622 Jefferson St.; First Brigade, 400 Lincoln 
Building; First Infantry, Broad and Callowhill 
Sts.; Second Infantry, Broad St. near Diamond 
St.; Third Infantry, Broad St. near Wharton St.; 
Sixth Infantry, 41st St. and Mantua Ave. (The 
majority of the companies of this command are 
located in near-by communities.) First Battalion, 
State Naval Militia, 333 Walnut St. 



NATIVE AND FOREIGN BORN 

Census figures of 1910 show that Philadelphia 
contained, at that time, 583,976 white Americans 
of native parentage, this being 37.7 per cent, of the 
total population. The balance was composed of 
foreign born or the children of foreign born per- 
sons. This proportion has not materially changed 
to date. 

101 



NAVAL HOME AND HOSPITAL 

Gray's Ferry Avenue and Bainbridge Street. 
This dignified, old-fashioned structure, set in the 
midst of a spacious ground, was built nearly a cen- 
tury ago, and was used as the first U. S. Naval 
Academy from 1838 to 1845. Since the latter 
year, it has been a "snug harbor" for sick or dis- 
abled mariners of both the naval and merchant 
marine services. — See "National Firsts.' 1 



WAVY YARD, U. S. 

The Philadelphia Navy Yard occupies "League 
Island," at the junction of the Delaware and 
Schuylkill Rivers, four miles south from the City 
Hall. It is one of the Nation's most important 
marine establishments, and every year makes 
more obvious the unusual advantages which it 
possesses. Modern ships of war may be visited 
here at all times. The Navy Yard may be best 
reached by electric cars south on Twelfth or 
Fifteenth Street. — See Port of Philadelphia. 



NEIGHBORHOOD AND STREET 
ASSOCIATIONS 

The spread of new residential and retail business 
sections around the old city has led, in the last 
twenty or more years, to the formation of Local 
Associations, active in securing needed public 
improvements. The more effective of these now 
numerous associations enlist the cooperation of 
their councilmanic representatives in their proj- 
ects for betterments with very general advantage. 
Strong associations also exist among the business 
men of certain central streets, notably Market, 
Chestnut and Walnut Streets. The plan of 
associated campaign has been a marked success 
in Philadelphia and is being copied in other cities. 
102 



NEW CENTURY CLUB (LADIES) 
124 South Twelfth Street. 
This club was organized early in 1877 as an out- 
growth of the Woman's Committee of the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition. It has been the parent club 
of many other helpful organizations in the city 
dedicated to the interests of women. — See Clubs. 

NEW YORK SHIPBUILDING COMPANY 

Camden, N. J. 

This now immense industry has been in operation 
sixteen years, in the course of which it has broken 
several American records for annual tonnage, the 
greatest number and greatest length of ships. 
The plant covers 141 acres, and has a river front- 
age of 3600 feet. Some of the greatest and most 
powerful ships of war in the world have been 
launched here, not only for our National Navy, 
but for foreign governments. About 5000 men are 
usually employed. — See Camden and Port of 
Philadelphia. 

NORTH AMERICAN 

Daily morning paper. The North American Build- 
ing. This journal, dating from 1771, is the oldest 
American newspaper, being the successor of the 
Packet and Weekly Advertiser, which began a 
daily issue in September, 1784, and was the first 
daily newspaper in America. — See "Publishing 
Firsts." 

NORTH AMERICAN BUILDING 

Broad and Sansom Streets. 

NORTHEAST OR TORRESDALE BOULEVARD 

Extending northeastward from Broad Street from 
Hunting Park is the new and spacious Boulevard 
completed nearly eight miles to the Bustleton 
section, thus making accessible a great suburban 

103 



region for home and industrial building. This 
forms a link in the best Bristol-Trenton route for 
autos. It also connects with the new Pennypack 
Park drive near Holmesburg. — See Auto Glimpses. 

OCTAVIA HILL ASSOCIATION 

613 Lombard Street. A beneficent and practical 
organization which reconstructs old houses in the 
neglected quarters of the city, making them com- 
fortable and sanitary. These properties are then 
rented at moderate rates to families of the worthy 
poor. 

OFFICE BUILDINGS IN PHILADELPHIA 

Abbott Broad and Race 

American Fire 308 Walnut 

Bailey 1218 Chestnut 

Baker 1520 Chestnut 

Baxter 1414 South Penn Square 

Bellevue Court 1418 Walnut 

Beneficial Saving Fund 1200 Chestnut 

Bornot 1535-39 Chestnut 

Bourse 5th above Chestnut 

Boyertown 1211 Arch 

Brown Bros 4th and Chestnut 

Builders' Exchange 20 S. 7th 

Bulletin Juniper and Filbert 

Bullitt 131 S. 4th 

Burd 9th and Chestnut 

Central Trust 4th and Market 

Church House, Diocese of Penna. 

12th and Walnut 

City Hall Broad and Market 

Commercial 8th and Chestnut 

Commercial Trust 15th and Market 

Commercial Union 420 Walnut 

Commonwealth Trust 12th and Chestnut 

Crozer 1420 Chestnut 

DeLong 13th and Chestnut 

Denckla nth and Market 

104 



Drexel 5th and Chestnut 

Drury Juniper below Chestnut 

Empire 13th and Walnut 

Estey Hall 17th and Walnut 

Federal 9th and Chestnut 

Fidelity Mutual 114 N. Broad 

Finance 1426 South Penn Square 

Flanders 15th and Walnut 

Forrest 1 19 S. 4th 

Francis 420 Sansom 

Franklin 133 S. 12th 

Franklin Bank Broad and Chestnut 

Freeman 1200 Walnut 

Fuller 10 S. 18th 

Greble 1708 Chestnut 

Hale 1328 Chestnut 

Harris 22d and Market 

Harrison 15th and Market 

Heed 1213 Filbert 

Hornor 925 Chestnut 

Keith 1 1 18 Chestnut 

Knickerbocker 6th and Arch 

Lafayette 5th and Chestnut 

Land Title Broad and Chestnut 

Ledger 6th and Chestnut 

Lehigh 106 S. 4th 

Lincoln Broad and South Penn Square 

Lippincott 12th and Filbert 

Manhattan 4th and Walnut 

Mariner and Merchant 3d and Chestnut 

McCaul 10th and Sansom 

Merchants' 44 N. 4th 

Metropolitan Broad and Wallace 

Mortgage Guarantee 927 Chestnut 

Morris 142 1 Chestnut 

Mutual Life 1001 Chestnut 

North American Broad and Sansom 

Parkway Broad and Cherry 

Penn Square 1416 South Penn Square 

Pennsylvania 15th and Chestnut 

People's Trust 12th and Arch 

105 



Perry 16th and Chestnut 

Philadelphia Bank 421 Chestnut 

Pitcairn nth and Arch 

Presser 1712 Chestnut 

Professional 1831 Chestnut 

Provident 4th and Chestnut 

Reading Terminal 12th and Market 

Real Estate Trust Broad and Chestnut 

Record 919 Chestnut 

Reformed Church 15th and Race 

Robert Morris 919 Walnut 

Roger Williams 1701 Chestnut 

Scott 1217 Filbert 

Sharswood 931 Chestnut 

Sibley 1214 Filbert 

Spreckels 123 S. Orianna 

St. George 13th and Arch 

Stephen Girard 12th above Chestnut 

Stock Exchange 141 1 Walnut 

Transportation 26 S. 15th 

United Gas Improvement Co. . .Broad and Arch 

Waldron 426 Walnut 

Washington 608 Chestnut 

Watkins, Jr., S. P 1033 Chestnut 

Weightman 1524 Chestnut 

West End Trust. . . Broad and South Penn Square 

Widener Juniper and Chestnut 

Winston 1010 Arch 

Witherspoon Walnut and Juniper 

Wood, R. D 400 Chestnut 

OCEAN CITY, N. J. 

One of the most successful seashore communities 
upon the coast, Ocean City is also one of the most 
attractive. No saloons or hotel bars are allowed. 
There are plenty of good hotels and amusement 
features. Fast trains of the Reading and Pennsyl- 
vania rail lines connect the place with Philadel- 
phia. Electric trains connect Ocean City with 
Atlantic City. — See Seashore Resorts. 

106 



OLD MARKETS 

The only survivals of the once numerous street 
markets of the city are upon Second Street. The 
older one extends from Pine Street to South Street. 
It was started in 1745. The feature of the clock 
and bell tower was added in 1819. During the 
British occupancy in 1 777-1 778, this market was 
utilized for stabling cavalry horses. 
The upper market, from Fairmount Avenue to 
Poplar Street, is also still in use. — See Markets. 

OLDEST PUBLISHING HOUSE 

The Christopher Sower Publishing Company, 
124 North Eighteenth Street, is the lineal de- 
scendant of the establishment of Christian Saiir, 
of German town. The house dates from 1738. 
There has been, at all times, a Saur in the mem- 
bership of this concern, which has long been 
engaged in publishing school books. — See "Publish- 
ing Firsts." 

OLD SWEDES' CHURCH 

— See Gloria Dei. 
OVERBROOK 

A fashionable residential suburb reached by local 
trains upon the Main Line of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad or by street cars via Market and 63d 
Streets. — See Main Line. 

PALACE THEATRE (MOTION PICTURES) 

Market Street above Twelfth Street. 

PARKS AND SQUARES 

In addition to the four original squares provided 
for in Penn's rectangular plan, the city has some 
eighty minor squares and open plots of public 
ground which are maintained in good order by 
the Park Commission. To these, others are con- 
stantly being added by private bequest or city 
purchase. 

107 



PARK (THEATRE) 

Broad Street and Fairmount Avenue. 
PARKWAY 

This costly project, now partially completed, will 
provide a broad diagonal avenue extending in a 
direction northwest from the City Hall to Fair- 
mount Park. At its outer extreme, the Art Mu- 
seum will be located, and the intermediate space, 
above and below Logan Square, will be bordered 
with a perspective of stately public, scientific 
and museum buildings, the whole forming an 
approach to the Park unsurpassed in beauty by any 
of the great avenues of the world. — See Fairmount 
Park and Logan Square. 

PARKWAY BUILDING (FORMERLY ODD 
FELLOWS' TEMPLE) 

Broad and Cherry Streets. Offices. 

PELHAM COURT (HOTEL) APARTMENTS 

Chelten Avenue Station, Penna. R. R. f 
Germantown. 

PEN AND PENCIL CLUB 

1026 Walnut Street. Its membership is limited 
to those identified with journalism. The club 
has a national reputation for its entertainments 
and good-fellowship. 

PENN CHARTER SCHOOL, THE WILLIAM 

The first American public school was organized in 
1689, in charge of George Keith. It was located 
upon the east side of Fourth Street, below Chest- 
nut Street. In 1698, this school was incorporated 
"by the overseers of the public school, founded by 
charter, at the request, costs and charges of the 
people of God called 'Quakers.' " This "Penn 
Charter" school is still counted among the most 
efficient of the private schools of the city. It 
occupies the historic old school-house on Twelfth 
Street below Market Street. Its athletic field is at 
Queen Lane. — See Society of Friends. 

108 



PENIS CLUB 
720 Locust Street. 

PENN MUTUAL BUILDING 

Southeast corner of Walnut and Sixth 

Streets. This notable structure of white marble 
faces Independence Square. It is one of the most 
costly and beautiful insurance structures in the 
world. It was occupied by the Penn Mutual Life 
Insurance Company in 19 15. It stands upon the 
site of the old Walnut Street prison. 

PENN NATIONAL BANK 

Seventh and Market Streets. Located upon 
the site of the house in which Thomas Jefferson 
wrote the Declaration of Independence. — See 
Declaration of Independence. 

PENN SQUARE BUILDING 

1416 South Penn Square. Offices. 

PENN'S COTTAGE 

Fairmount Park, near western end of Girard 
Avenue Bridge. Awakened historical interest 
rescued William Penn's little house in Letitia 
Court, a forgotten river-front alley, from its fallen 
estate and set it up in our great playground as a 
worthy relic of the Quaker Founder of the City 
and State. — See William Penn. 



PENNSYLVANIA BUILDING 

Northwest corner Chestnut and Fifteenth 
Streets. Offices. 

109 



PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL 

Pine Street, from Eighth to Ninth Street. 
Built, in 1755, upon ground secured through the 
persistent efforts of citizens from the heirs of 
William Penn, this historic institution continues 
upon its original site, distinguished as the first 
hospital maintained in America. In this, as in so 
many helpful matters, Benjamin Franklin was ac- 
tive. A dedication inscription by him is engraved 
upon the corner-stone. It reads as follows: 

"In the year MDCCLV, George the Second 
happily reigning (for he sought the happiness of 
his people), Philadelphia flourishing (for its inhab- 
itants were public spirited), this building, by the 
bounty of the Government and of many private 
persons, was piously founded for the relief of the 
sick and miserable. May the God of Mercies 
bless the undertaking!" 

And the God of Mercies certainly has done so; 
making this humane undertaking the seed of 
thousands like it, and so blessing old Pennsylvania 
itself that after 161 years it is still in the front 
rank of institutions devoted to the care of the sick 
and the suffering. 

In front of the Hospital is an excellent statue of 
William Penn, presented by his grandson. 
Within the main structure is preserved Benjamin 
West's great painting, "Christ Healing the Sick." 
The extensive asylum for the insane, in West 
Philadelphia, commonly known as "Kirkbride's, " 
is administered by the Pennsylvania Hospital. — 
See Benjamin Franklin. 



PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF 
INDUSTRIAL ART 

Broad and Pine Streets. An institution de- 
voted to the study of the fine arts, applied art, 
textile design and craftsmanship. 

110 



PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

The Terminal Station and executive offices of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company are located at 
Market Street and West Penn Square, facing the 
City Hall. Other important stations for through 
and local traffic are at West Philadelphia (Thirty- 
second Street) and at North Philadelphia (Broad 
Street). Through and local trains depart from the 
Terminal Station for travel over all of the radiating 
divisions, including some of the fast trains to 
Atlantic City. All points upon the New Jersey 
coast are reached via the foot of Market Street 
(ferry to Camden, N. J.). The local trains leaving 
the Terminal Station for nearby points upon the 
Main Line are run by electric power. A number 
of fast trains over the Pennsylvania lines do not 
come into the Broad and Market Streets Terminal. 
These trains discharge passengers at either the 
West or North Philadelphia Station. — See Penn- 
sylvania Railroad System. 

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SYSTEM 

The Pennsylvania Railroad is the biggest single 
thing that Philadelphia brains, industry, enter- 
prise and foresight have ever produced. It was 
started here seventy years ago with Philadelphia 
capital to conserve for this city its share of the 
commerce with the wonderful new empire fast 
arising in the West. 

In its history, the Pennsylvania Railroad has 
served far more than this original purpose. It 
has become a large factor in the trade of the 
world. It is, to-day, the greatest carrier of freight 
and people in either hemisphere. Its manage- 
ment has never departed from the city of its 
birth. Fifteen of the seventeen men upon its 
present Directorate live in Philadelphia or its 
suburbs. Here is the executive headquarters of 
the entire system. 

ill 



The Pennsylvania lines measure 12,103 miles, 
having a trackage of 26,705 miles. 
The Pennsylvania Railroad System operates in 
thirteen States and the District of Columbia. It 
normally employs 225,000 men. 
It has 636 miles of four tracks, 828 miles of three 
tracks and 3762 miles of two tracks. 
The rolling stock includes 7373 locomotives, 6706 
passenger cars and 276,619 freight cars. These 
include one-third of all steel cars in the United 
States. 

The company operates 3000 passenger trains and 
4000 freight trains daily. The daily freightage is 
nearly 1 ,000,000 tons. The daily passenger aver- 
age is 500,000 persons. 

Nearly one-half of the total operating revenue is 
paid out in wages, this item amounting to more 
than $500,000 per day. 

Out of more than 400,000,000 passengers carried 
in three years to June 1, 19 16, there has been 
no fatality due to accident. 

In the past 1 5 years the company has paid out 
to the employees upon its Roll of Honor pen- 
sions to the amount of $12,600,000. It has more 
than 4500 pensioners at the present time. 
The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has nearly 
100,000 stockholders, of whom 46,000 are women. 
— See Pennsylvania Railroad. 

PENN TREATY TREE, SITE OF 

A small city park beside the Delaware River, above 
Shackamaxon Street, now marks the traditional 
spot where the great elm stood beneath which 
William Penn is said to have concluded a treaty of 
amity with the Indian inhabitants of the soil, in 
1782. As a matter of fact, the Proprietor made a 
number of such treaties The old tree was blown 
down during a gale, in 18 10. The place where it 
stood is now indicated by a monument. Thereon 
112 



are engraved the words, " Unbroken Faith." 
Scions from this tree have been planted at Haver- 
ford, in Cooper Park, Camden, at the Stenton 
House, Germantown, and on the campus of the 
University. — See Willian Penn, Kensington. 

PHARMACY, COLLEGE OF 

145 North Tenth Street. Established in 182 1, 
then the first College of Pharmacy in the world. 
— See "Medical Firsts." 

PHILADELPHIA AND THE CENSUS 

The first census taken in the city was made during 
the British occupancy (1777) by order of General 
Howe. The records indicated a population of 
2 3»734 (exclusive of the soldiery) and that the 
buildings numbered 5985. 

The national census of 1790 gave Philadelphia, 
with 42,520 inhabitants, a lead over New York 
City of 9381 persons. In 1800 this lead was 
9798. In 1810 New York led (having 96,373) 
by 291 persons. Ten years later Gotham's popu- 
lation had increased beyond that of the Quaker 
City by 15,590. Philadelphia contains to-day 
nearly three times the population the city held 
fifty years ago, more than double that of the Cen- 
tennial period. — See Marriages. 

PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILWAY CO. 

Terminal Building, Market and Twelfth 
Streets. From this Terminal, all trains depart 
for points in the Schuylkill Valley, Bethlehem and 
the Lehigh Valley, and New York. Local trains 
run to Germantown and Chestnut Hill and to 
Frankford. Trains to Atlantic City and points on 
the New Jersey coast south thereof are taken by 
ferry to Camden from the foot of Chestnut Street. 
Valley Forge is reached in one hour upon Reading 
trains. — See Seashore Resorts, Valley Forge and 
Reading System. 

113 



PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE AND 
WASHINGTON R. R. 

This rail line southward was built in 1838. It is 
now a part of the Pennsylvania Railroad System. 
The old historic station of the P., W. & B. R. R., 
located at Broad Street and Washington Avenue, 
is still existent, but all trains over this route now 
leave from Broad Street Station. — See Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad. 

PHILADELPHIA CLUB 

Walnut and Thirteenth Streets. Occupying 
a substantial old residence, this club maintains 
a reputation for exclusive membership and quiet, 
old-fashioned comfort. The club was organized 
in 1834, and has occupied its present home since 
1 85 1.— See Clubs. 

PHILADELPHIA COUNTRY CLUB 

West Fairmount Park. 

— See Golf. 
PHILADELPHIA CRICKET CLUB 

Willow Grove Avenue, Upper Germantown. 
Take Chestnut Hill train, Pennsylvania R. R., to 
St. Martin's Station. — See Golf and Chestnut Hill. 

PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC COMPANY 

The Philadelphia Electric Company is one of the 
youngest big businesses in the East. Formed in 
1902 by the association of seventeen of the pri- 
vately-owned electric companies which were then 
serving Philadelphia, it has rapidly grown to the 
position of one of the three leading Central Station 
Companies in the United States. It now serves 
about 75 per cent, of all Industrial Philadelphia 
with both light and power, while of the residence 
business it can be said that almost every building 
operation which has been constructed within the 

114 



past five years has been connected to its circuits. 
This enormous growth requires an exceedingly 
elastic organization as well as a tremendous gener- 
ating capacity. There are nineteen distinct 
stations, spread throughout Philadelphia like 
chessmen on a board, and like chessmen each one 
placed after much thought and planning. Each 
point is the heart of a district, generating the great 
force which lights and furnishes power to the 
homes and manufacturing places within its 
borders. These points, while acting independently, 
are inter-connected so as to insure constant service 
to the individual customers and to eliminate, as 
much as possible, the danger of interruption to 
service. 

An example of the gigantic requirements and 
equipment necessary to keep this great City of 
Philadelphia properly electrified is shown in the 
new station at Twenty-eighth and Christian 
Streets. This station is one of the most complete 
generating stations in the country. Its design 
contains the good points of all stations built before 
it and provisions for requirements far in the future. 
You are invited to visit and inspect this station, 
to see the elaborate mechanism needed to give 
Electric Service in any quantity and at any time. 
There are, in this station, the two largest turbo- 
generators in the world, producing enough elec- 
tricity to light the Lincoln Highway from end to 
end. This station furnishes most of the energy 
to the larger power customers, such as the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Co., Philadelphia Rapid Transit 
Co., Girard Point Grain Elevators and others 
whose requirements are of this class. 
To see these massive machines in motion, to real- 
ize the enormous force which is literally held in 
leash, subject to the turn of a dial, is to appre- 
ciate what Power means. 

You should make a visit to this station a part of 
your trip. The ladies especially will be interested 

115 



— they will appreciate the details which must be 
looked after. And you will be sure that when you 
return home you will not only be thoroughly 
posted on Philadelphia's historical points of in- 
terest, but you will have a tale of a visit to the 
very Heart of Philadelphia's Industrial Activity. 

PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY 

Locust Street east of Broad. The Library 
Company of Philadelphia was instituted in 1731 
by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Hopkinson 
and other men of letters. Its invaluable col- 
lection of books, documents and historical 
material is accessible to the public at all times. 
The corporation also administers the Ridgway 
Branch Library at Broad and Christian Streets, 
where the Loganian Library collection is pre- 
served intact. This library, originally the private 
property of James Logan, secretary to William 
Penn, whose home, "Stenton," still stands near 
Logan Station, a wonderful example of Colonial 
architecture, was housed in Colonial days in a 
small building on the ground now covered by the 
Curtis publishing plant. It was the pioneer public 
library of the station. — See Benjamin Franklin , 
Ridgway, and "Miscellaneous Firsts." 

PHILADELPHIA SAVING FUND SOCIETY 

Southwest corner of Walnut and Seventh 
Streets. In November, 19 16, this beneficent 
institution, the first of its kind in America, will 
celebrate the Centennial of its organization. The 
Society was incorporated by the legislature on 
February 25, 17 19. The first office was located 
on Sixth Street, west side, between Market and 
Chestnut Streets. After several removals, the 
company built and occupied, in 1827, the marble 
structure at 306 Walnut Street, still existent. 
The present spacious home of the Society was 
erected in 1869. At the present time the deposi- 

116 



tors number 288,000 and the liabilities amount to 
about $138,000,000. The interest rate is 3.65 per 
cent. It has been well said that this great benefi- 
cence "belongs to nobody." It exists, and has 
existed from the beginning, for the encourage- 
ment of thrift. Its twenty-four managers are 
appointed by the Courts. — See Saving Funds and 
"Banking Firsts." 



PHILADELPHIA SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR 
WOMEN 

Broad and Master Streets. This art school 
was founded in 1850 under the patronage of The 
Franklin Institute. It enjoys a wide reputation 
for thorough methods of training in drawing and 
painting. 



PHILOMUSIAN CLUB (LADIES) 
3944 Walnut Street. 



PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, AMERICAN 

The historic relics and large library of the ancient 
and honorable Society, of which Benjamin Frank- 
lin was one of the founders (1743), are still pre- 
served in the venerable building on Fifth Street 
below Chestnut Street. The library contains 
45,000 books. The correspondence and essays of 
Benjamin Franklin in manuscript are preserved in 
seventy-two volumes. The rooms of the Society 
are open to the public on week-days. — See Benjamin 
Franklin, Franklin Relics and "Scientific Firsts." 



PHYSICIANS, COLLEGE OF 

Twenty-second Street north of Chestnut. 

117 



PLASTIC CLUB (LADIES* ART) 

247 South Camac Street. Frequent pleasing 
exhibitions of paintings and sketches are arranged 
at their cosey club house of "Bohemia." — See 
Camac Street. 

PLAYGROUNDS FOR EVERYBODY 

Our public recreation system represents one of the 
most wise and beneficent investments of municipal 
expenditures. The movement for the provision of 
playgrounds was initiated in 1907 by an Associa- 
tion dependent for financial support upon private 
citizens, foremost of whom were Mr. and Mrs. 
E. W. Clark, who gave the money to create "Happy 
Hollow," the first of these establishments. Two 
years later the Public Board of Recreation was 
created by Councils and thus the city inaugu- 
rated a comprehensive plan under which there are 
now in operation twenty-eight Recreation Centres, 
Playgrounds and Recreation Piers. The Board of 
Recreation is located in Room 587, City Hall. 
Substantial buildings have been erected upon 
many of the grounds. Plans have been completed 
for a new structure at Kingsessing Centre (for- 
merly Belmont Cricket Club ground) , at Fiftieth 
Street and Chester Avenue, which when completed 
will represent an expenditure here of about 
$300,000. A recreation enterprise introduced in 
191 1 provides for summer camps located in pict- 
uresque regions of the State, separately main- 
tained for boys and girls. The Playgrounds Asso- 
ciation cooperates with the city authorities in the 
development of these centres of relaxation. 

POLICE 

Philadelphia is safeguarded by a force of about 
3500 police, officers and men. This force is 
organized as a Bureau of the Department of 
Safety. Some 2500 men are classed as patrolmen, 
nearly 300 are enrolled in the mounted force and 

118 



there are 50 cycle patrols. The considerate and 
watchful men of the "traffic squad," who control 
movement at the intersecting streets of the busi- 
ness section, and their allies, the mounted men, 
are the admiration of all visitors. The harbor police 
employ four patrol boats. These are equipped 
with fire pumps and hose. The police have an ex- 
cellent military band and maintain a pension fund. 

POOR RICHARD CLUB 

239 South Camac Street. The unique club 
colony in quaint little Camac Street welcomed 
"Poor Richard" as a worthy fellow Bohemian, 
when, one day, he came, in his cocked hat and 
with genial smile, "down the alley," and picked 
out a home. So, presently, being well pleased 
with his choice, his " Ad " men moved in and, from 
that day, they have multiplied and been content ; 
for they happily typify, in their domicile, the 
simple dignity that Ben Franklin taught, and the 
virtue of honest, brotherly love implanted on this 
soil by William Penn. 

The members of the Poor Richard Club consider 
their "name saint," Benjamin Franklin, as the 
most interesting character in American history. 
It is difficult to estimate the effect of his life upon 
the lives of the men of his day, of our day or of 
days to come. Many of the conveniences and 
institutions that lighten and brighten our lives 
have come from the wise head and warm heart 
of Poor Richard. 

It is one hundred and twenty-five years since his 
worn-out body was laid at rest beneath the Christ 
Church-yard trees; but the soul of Poor Richard 
has been steadily marching on. It is marching on 
by way of that wonderful quartet — the Philo- 
sophical Society, the Circulating Library, the 
Hospital and the University. 
By way of the printing press and the newspaper — 
our daily North American and everybody's Satur- 

119 



day Evening Post. By way of the telegraph, 
the telephone, the electric light and the trolley. 
By way of the Post Office, the Fire Depart- 
ment, the State Militia and the Government of 
Pennsylvania. 

By way of The Franklin Institute, the Franklin 
Clubs and the Poor Richard Club. By way of 
the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of 
Confederation, the Constitution of the United 
States and American Diplomacy. By way of 
his countrymen's love, a world's respect and 
mankind's gratitude the soul of Poor Richard is 
to-day marching on, marching on. — See Camac 
Street. 

PORT OF PHILADELPHIA 

The affairs of the Port of Philadelphia, within city 
bounds, are administered by the Department of 
Wharves, Docks and Ferries. The control of the 
river Delaware and its marine traffic is vested 
in the Commissioners of Navigation, a body acting 
under State authority. Both of these bodies have 
their offices in the Bourse Building. This Port 
is located eighty -eight miles from the Ocean. The 
water frontage of the city, upon both the Delaware 
and Schuylkill Rivers, is thirty-seven miles. About 
one-half of this frontage is now improved. Many 
costly modern wharves have been built or are 
under construction. Adequate rail connections 
are also planned. With respect to foreign tonnage, 
this Port is second, in importance, in the United 
States. — See Delaware River and Camden. 

PORT RICHMOND, PHILADELPHIA 

An industrial suburb upon the Delaware River. 
A busy terminal for sea-going freightage. Here 
is the great coal terminal for the product of the 
Pennsylvania mines and a group of towering 
wheat elevators. — See Port of Philadelphia. 

120 



POST OFFICE AT PHILADELPHIA 

Ninth Street from Market to Chestnut. 
Under the energetic administration of our present 
Postmaster, the Philadelphia Post Office system 
has become highly efficient, handicapped though 
it be by need of more room. Forty-four branch 
postal stations are located in various parts of the 
city, some of them employing the pneumatic tube 
for the quick dispatch of mail. The Philadelphia 
office does a business of between eight and nine 
million dollars in the year. Seventy-five per cent, 
of the entire mail is carried by the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company. The Philadelphia and Read- 
ing line handles fifteen per cent. The Parcel Post 
and Postal Savings Bank have greatly increased 
the work of the post office force. 

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, FIRST 

Seventh and Locust Streets. Oldest Presby- 
terian church in America. Established in 1704. 
— See Churches and Loiterings. 

PRESS, PHILADELPHIA 

Daily morning newspaper. Chestnut and Seventh 
Streets. Established in 1857. 

PRINCETON CLUB 

Composed of graduates of Princeton University. 
The club has a modest but attractive home at 
Locust and Camac Streets. — See Camac Street. 

PRODUCE EXCHANGE 

Front and Chestnut Streets. 

— See Commercial Bodies. 

" PUBLIC BUILDINGS » 

A term often applied to the City Hall, and quite 
correctly, as a number of county officials and the 
courts are in occupancy. — See City Hall. 
121 



PUBLIC LEDGER 

Daily morning paper. Founded under same title 
in 1 836. Made famous by George W. Childs ; now 
controlled by Cyrus H. K. Curtis. An after- 
noon edition is now published. The Ledger build- 
ing, southwest corner of Chestnut and Sixth 
Streets, opened in 1867, was the first exclusive 
newspaper structure in the country. — See Evening 
Ledger. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS 

The Public School System was organized in 181 8, 
with 6 schools employing 10 teachers. The pupils 
numbered 2845. The cost per pupil was $3.57 in 
the year. In 1916 the schools number 231, classi- 
fied as follows: 

Normal Training, 2; Teachers, 53; Pupils, 874. 
High, 8; Teachers, 634; Pupils, 14,359. 
Trades, 1 ; Teachers, 22 ; Pupils, 458. 
Elementary, 220; Teachers, 4389; Pupils, 193,480. 
The annual cost per pupil is: 
Higher Schools, $105.95. 
Trades School, $104.07. 
Elementary Schools, $32.95. 
Average cost per pupil in Evening Schools, $12.04. 
The Board of Education now levies its tax directly, 
at the rate of 50 cents per $100.00 of realty. 
The outlay for public education in the year 19 15 
was $9,194,982.10. 

Many of the newer school buildings erected rank 
among the most costly and elaborate educational 
structures in the United States. This is espe- 
cially true of the Central High, Northeast High, 
Southern High and West Philadelphia High 
Schools. A fine modern example of the elemen- 
tary school building is the recently completed 
S. Weir Mitchell School at Fifty-sixth and King- 
sessing Avenue. — See Board of Education. 

122 



PURE WATER 

Philadelphia's water supply is pumped from her 
two rivers, thoroughly filtered through costly and 
extensive plants, and distributed to all parts of 
the city through 1800 miles of mains and pipes. 
Since the present filtration service was put into 
operation, deaths from typhoid have decreased 
from an annual average of 73 persons to 13 in 
each 100,000 of population. Philadelphia uses 
five times as much water per capita as the city of 
London. The daily capacity of the 65 city filters, 
covering nearly 50 acres, is 40,000,000 gallons. 

QUARANTINE SERVICE 

The Port of Philadelphia is doubly guarded, as the 
State of Pennsylvania and the National Govern- 
ment both maintain Quarantine Services. The 
State Quarantine, at Marcus Hook, is the oldest 
in the United States. The National Quarantine 
Station is at Lewes, Delaware. — See Port of Phila- 
delphia. 

RACQUET CLUB 

Sixteenth Street, below Walnut Street. 

RAPID TRANSIT COMPANY 

This corporation operates, as lessee, the numerous 
street car lines of several underlying companies 
which were formerly conducted separately. The 
Mayor and one member from each of the Councils 
represent the City on the Board of Directors. The 
trackage of the street-car system of Philadelphia 
measures 665 miles. The company operates 2500 
cars, all moved by electric power, monthly. The 
elimination of old style cars in favor of large and 
convenient cars of the closed door type, together 
with the comprehensive addition of many miles 
of subways, elevated and surface lines, for the 
construction of which the people have voted for 

123 



the expenditure of $57,000,000, will, within a few 
years, provide the city with transit facilities ade- 
quate for the present and future. At present 
straight fares are 5 cents, with free transfers at 
many intersections. Fares with exchanges are 
sold at 8 cents. — See Subways and Street Car 
System. 

READING SYSTEM 

The Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, 
as a corporation, is the successor of the Philadel- 
phia and Reading Railroad Company, which was 
chartered in 1 833 and ran its first train from Potts- 
ville to Philadelphia on January 8, 1842. The 
line became the active competitor of the Schuyl- 
kill Navigation Company and, in course of time, 
developed a vast traffic in anthracite coal. The 
present company maintains, at the Port of Phila- 
delphia, immense tide-water terminals, supplying 
cargoes to a large fleet of coal-carrying vessels. 
The "P. & R." was a pioneer in passenger traffic. 
The first locomotives employed in regular train 
service, operated in Pennsylvania (if not in 
America), were the "Old Ironsides," built by 
Matthias W. Baldwin in 1832, and the "Pioneer," 
an English engine, used later, which were em- 
ployed on the Philadelphia and Germantown 
Railroad. The important New Jersey Division 
of the "Reading" system includes the "Bound 
Brook" route to New York and a network of 
lines to seashore points. — See Philadelphia and 
Reading Railway Company and Seashore Resorts, 

READING TERMINAL STATION 

Market Street, north side, east of Twelfth 
Street. — See Philadelphia and Reading Railway 
Company. 

REAL ESTATE TRUST BUILDING 

Southeast corner of Chestnut and Broad 
Streets. 

124 



REAL HOMES 

Of the approximately 400,000 buildings in the city, 
365,000 are separate homes, mainly of two floors, 
with ample exterior space and interior comfort. — ■ 
See Building Associations. 

RECORD 

Daily morning paper. Record Building, Chestnut 
Street, west of Ninth Street. Established in 1877. 

RECORD BUILDING 

This ornate publishing structure occupies the site 
of a notable residence built by John Markoe in 
1 8 10, which when erected was the only house in 
the square and was surrounded by ample gardens. 
After the death of Mr. Markoe, in 1835, three 
stories were added and the building became a 
boarding hotel as the Markoe House. The Record 
Building was erected in 1880. 

RELIGIOUS PRESS 

Philadelphia is the most important centre of the 
religious press in the world. Twenty publishing 
concerns issue forty-six weeklies, twenty-six 
monthly and one hundred and forty-six quarterly 
papers and magazines. These have a total 
annual output of 138,978,000 copies. — See Churches 
and "Publishing Firsts." 

RIDGWAY BRANCH OF PHILADELPHIA 
LIBRARY 

Broad and Christian Streets. The imposing 
structure in which this library is housed was 
erected at the instance of Dr. James Rush, by his 
executor, as a memorial to his wife, who was a 
daughter of Jacob Ridgway, a wealthy merchant. 
The building has a frontage upon Broad Street of 
220 feet. The library is administered as a branch 
of the Library Company of Philadelphia. A price- 
125 



less collection of rare books, manuscripts, and 
scrap-books is preserved here, among them the 
Loganian Library, the earliest collection of the kind 
in America. Open daily, including Sunday after- 
noons. — See Philadelphia Library. 

RITTENHOUSE CLUB 

1811 Walnut Street. 

RITTENHOUSE (HOTEL) 

Chestnut and Twenty-second Streets. 

RITTENHOUSE SQUARE 

Between Eighteenth and Nineteenth 
Streets, south of Walnut Street. This is one 
of the four outlying squares reserved for public 
use upon Penn's plan of the city. Its name per- 
petuates the fame of David Rittenhouse, scientist 
and statesman. Here we have a fine example of 
parking adornment initiated and paid for by the 
nearby citizens. Within recent years, this square 
has become the beauty spot of the old city and now 
provides a lesson in civic spirit which other sec- 
tions may well follow. 

RITZ-CARLTON (HOTEL) 

Southeast corner of Broad and Walnut. 

ROOF GARDENS 

Summer nights are made joyous to thousands by 
the popular ' ' roof gardens ' ' crowning the Bellevue- 
Stratford, Continental, Adelphia, Bingham and 
other leading hotels. Good fare, good music and 
merry company are always within the reach of 
Philadelphia stay-at-homes in the good old sum- 
mer time. 

ROTARY CLUB 

Business men's social organization. Meets at 
Adelphia Hotel. 

126 



SATURDAY EVENING POST issued by the 

Weekly. Curtis Publishing Co. "Founder the title 
1728, by Benj. Franklin," is the legend^ Atlantic 
by this publication every week to more thai, 
million homes. The number of its readers 
greater than the entire population of the countr> 
when the Saturday Evening Post was started. ^ 
Benjamin knew what the people wanted, and 
Cyrus knows how to give it to them. — See Curtis 
Publishing Company. 

SAVING FUND SOCIETIES 

The oldest of the Saving Fund institutions in 
Philadelphia celebrates its Centennial this year 
(19 1 6). The youngest of them, the "German- 
town," is sixty-two years old. The system upon 
which they are conducted has been adopted all 
over the country. They are safeguarded, in Penn- 
sylvania, by wise State laws. They are permitted 
to invest only in approved mortgages and bonds. 
Since 1872, the societies are required to make 
returns to the State Treasurer of all amounts held 
for which there are no claimants. These moneys 
are converted to the State funds, but as every 
effort is made to discover the rightful claimants, 
the amounts, thus accounted, are not large. In 
the course of thirty years, the Philadelphia Saving 
Fund Society paid to the State, under the law, but 
$32,000, representing 694 accounts. The four 
largest of these institutions carry accounts with 
nearly 400,000 depositors. The total deposits are 
in excess of $200,000,000. — See Beneficial, Western, 
Germantown and Philadelphia Saving Funds, and 
"Banking Firsts." 

" SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL " 

Strictly speaking, Philadelphia contains but one 
arsenal, that being at Frankford. The name of the 
old Schuylkill Arsenal on "Gray's Ferry Road" 
was changed, in 1873, to "Philadelphia Depot of 
127 



the Quartermaster's Department, U. S. Army." 
Here a large force of employees is always busy 
making uniforms. All of the national flags used by 
the government are also manufactured here. — See 
Frankford and U. S. A rsenal. 

SCHUYLKILL NAVY 
Fairmount Park, East Park Drive, Lemon 
Hill. The picturesque boat houses of the many 
rowing clubs are ranged along the shore of the 
Schuylkill River, within the Park. — See Schuylkill 
River. 

SCHUYLKILL RIVER 

From its headwaters in the anthracite region of 
Pennsylvania, this picturesque river traverses a 
rich agricultural country. It was formerly a 
channel of large freightage by boats. It flows for 
several miles through Fairmount Park, this rowing 
course being called the "American Henley." It 
is admittedly the best stretch of protected water 
in America for important intercollegiate contests. 
The river is navigable for sea-going vessels to 
Walnut Street Bridge. — See Fairmount Park and 
Schuylkill Navy. 

SEASHORE RESORTS 

The entire New Jersey coast, from Sandy Hook to 
Cape May, is dotted with pleasure settlements, all 
of which are speedily reached by rail from Phila- 
delphia. Atlantic City, one hour from Philadel- 
phia by express trains, is America's greatest resort. 
The resorts north of Atlantic City are Beach 
Haven, Barnegat City, Sea Side Park, Bay 
Head, Point Pleasant, Ocean Grove, Asbury 
Park and Long Branch. Southward from Atlantic 
City are Longport, Ocean City, Sea Isle City, 
Avalon, Stone Harbor, Anglesea, Wildwood, 
Wildwood Crest and Cape May. A complete 
list of all of the summer settlements from the 
128 



Highlands to Cape May has been issued by the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company under the title 
of "Forty Beaches of New Jersey." — See Atlantic 
City, Ocean City, Wildwood, Cape May. 

SELECT COUNCIL 

The present membership of this body numbers 
forty-eight, one from each ward. Select council- 
men are elected to serve four years. — See City 
Government. 

SITE AND RELIC SOCIETY, GERMANTOWN 

This energetic association of those who are 
interested in local history has its museum in 
Vernon Park, upon Germantown Avenue. — See 
Germantown. 

SKETCH CLUB, THE PHILADELPHIA 

This club of artists, organized in 1 86 1 , is believed to 
be the oldest of the art clubs of ^ America. Many 
of those who have been, or continue to be, active 
in its affairs have become noted as painters, sculp- 
tors and illustrators. The quaint club house, 
located in Camac Street, south of Locust Street, is 
a centre of real Bohemia. The club maintains a 
cafe, excellent library of art books and a spacious 
exhibition gallery. — See Camac Street. 

SNELLENBURG & COMPANY 

The name " Snellenburg " first became known in 
Philadelphia merchandising in 1873, when the 
store at 936 Market Street was opened. At the 
end of nine years Snellenburg & Company built 
a store at Fifth and South Streets at the junction 
of Passyunk Avenue, which is still operated. 
In 1889 the firm located at Market and Twelfth 
Streets, from which foothold it extended its 
space, year by year, until, in 1902, it had occu- 
pied the entire block. The existing vast business is 
still conducted by its founders, now associated 
with their sons. — See Department Stores. 



SOCIETY OF FRIENDS 

Although the numbers and influence of the "Quak- 
ers" are decreasing and those garbed in the time- 
honored dress of this sect are not often in evidence 
upon our streets, a substantial element in our 
business and social circles remains true to the old 
principles and faith implanted in Pennsylvania by 
William Penn and his associates. The safe con- 
servatism which has ever obtained in the "Quaker 
City" is largely due to the comfortable, prudent, 
peace-loving "Friends,'' whose "yearly meetings" 
are one of the events peculiar to the city. The 
Society maintains a central and several branch 
schools, libraries and a number of charities. 

SOCIETY FOR ORGANIZING CHARITY 

Founded in 1879. The helping-hand is never 
idle in Philadelphia. The existence of a large 
number of charitable bodies has in the past 
resulted in wasteful methods of relief. The 
Society for Organizing Charity, located at 419 
South Fifteenth Street, exists for the purpose of 
enforcing system in local charity. It maintains 
numerous supply branches, employs 82 paid in- 
vestigators and is assisted by 300 volunteer 
workers, who are the almoners for about 4000 
contributors. The operations of the society in- 
volve the annual outlay of $150,000. About 6000 
families are, at all times, under the care of the 
society's agents. 

SOME INDUSTRIAL LEADERS 

John B. Stetson Company, Fifth Street and Mont- 
gomery Avenue, greatest felt hat manufactory in 
America. 

Standard Roller Bearing Company, Fiftieth Street 
and Lancaster Avenue, largest in this line in this 
country. 

130 



J. G. Brill & Company, Woodland Avenue and 
Sixty-second Street, employing 3000 people. 
Largest electric car and truck concern in the world. 
H. O. Wilbur & Sons, 235 North Third Street, 
second oldest and third largest chocolate factory 
in America. 

Burk Brothers, Bodine and American Streets, 
largest manufacturers of exclusively glazed and 
mat kid in this section. 

Harrison Bros., Gray's Ferry Road, extensive 
manufacturers of ready-mixed paints. Founded 
in 1793. 

Welsbach Company, Gloucester, N. J. Here are 
made the famous Reflex mantles and a great 
variety of artistic gas-lighting appliances. 
Fayette R. Plumb & Co., Frankford, manufactu- 
rers of axes, hammers and similar tools, one of 
the largest of this line in the world. 
Aberfoyle Manufacturing Company, Chester, Pa., 
largest eastern manufacturer of men's shirtings. 
American Viscose Company, Marcus Hook (on 
the Delaware River, below Philadelphia), largest 
manufacturers of artificial silk in the United 
States. 

William H. Horstmann & Co., Fifth and Cherry 
Streets, oldest and largest manufacturers of mili- 
tary goods. Established in 18 16. 
Henry Disston & Sons, Tacony, largest American 
saw manufacturers. 

Electric Storage Battery Company, Allegheny 
Avenue and Nineteenth Street, largest American 
plant in this line. — See Workshop of the World. 

SOME NORTHERN SUBURBS 

Within or near the northern borders of the city 
are many park-like residential sections where 
beautiful homes and perfect roads charm the 
visitor. They are all within close touch with busi- 
ness Philadelphia by way of the New York lines 
of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway and the 
Pennsylvania Railroad. Along the former may 

131 



be noted Tabor, Oak Lane, Melrose, Ashbourne, 
Elkins Park, Chelten Hills, Wyncote, Jenkin- 
town, Somerton and Glenside. Those along the 
Pennsylvania route, close to the Delaware River, 
are Tacony, Holmesburg, Torresdale, Eddington 
and Bristol. Just across the river, upon the 
New Jersey shore, are ranged Palmyra, Riverton, 
Delanco, Beverly, Burlington and Bordentown. 
In all of these fine old settlements American 
rural life is found at its best. They form a 
part of Philadelphia's glorious suburban corona. 
Taken as a whole, they present to the auto 
explorer an impressive evidence of the wealth and 
taste of a vast and substantial element of our 
local population. — See Auto Tours. 

SPRING GARDEN INSTITUTE 

Northeast corner of Broad and Spring 
Garden Streets. Founded in 1853, this insti- 
tution has exercised a beneficial influence upon 
the lives and careers of many thousands of our 
young people through its library, lecture courses, 
and instruction in applied art. 

STANLEY THEATRE (MOTION PICTURES) 

Market Street above Sixteenth Street. 

STATE FENCIBLES, BATTALION OF 

Armory, Broad Street, north of Arch Street. 
This famous corps is a municipal organization now 
more than a century old. Its brilliant uniform 
and precision of drill have won a nation-wide 
reputation. The Armory is on Broad Street 
above Arch. 

ST. JOSEPH'S CATHOLIC CHURCH 

Willing' s Alley below Fourth Street. The 
present building, consecrated in 1839, stands 
upon the site of the original church built in 1732. 
St. Joseph's is identified with Longfellow's poem, 
"Evangeline." 

132 



11 STATE IN SCHUYLKILL " 

Under the above quaint title, this ancient, pecu- 
liar and exclusive club, the oldest in America, still 
holds its "Castle" and observes its time-honored 
customs. Its membership, from the period of its 
organization in 1732 (as the Colony in Schuylkill), 
has included men of social position and civic im- 
portance. The club's fishing house or "Castle" 
stood, from the beginning, upon the shores of the 
Schuylkill River, but, in 1888, it was removed to 
a point upon the Delaware River near Eddington. 
The present members number about thirty persons . 

STATISTICIAN ON THE JOB 

The city administration maintains a modern fea- 
ture which might well be called the ' ' Bureau of Op- 
timism." Its chief is known officially as the "City 
Statistician." ' His name is Edward James Cattell. 
A man of tireless research and original methods 
in the statement of broad facts, he has pleaded the 
case of Philadelphia long and well all over the 
land. He has done more to put the city in all of 
its phases of greatness and aspiration "on the 
map" than any other citizen. To know Cattell is 
to know Philadelphia. 

STEAMSHIP LINES, PORT OF PHILADELPHIA, 
TRANSATLANTIC AND COASTWISE 

American-Hawaiian Line; Dickinson Street; in- 
bound service from Hawaiian Islands and Pacific 
Coast ports via Panama Canal; monthly sailings. 

American-Indian Line; Kenil worth and Christian 
Streets; inbound service from Bombay, Calcutta; 
monthly sailings. 

American-Levant Line ; Kenil worth Street ; outbound 
service to Smyrna, Alexandria; inbound service 
from Smyrna, Alexandria; monthly sailings. 

American Line; Washington Avenue; outbound 
service to Liverpool, Queenstown; inbound ser- 
vice from Liverpool, Queenstown; weekly sailings. 
133 



Atlantic City Transportation Company; Dock Street; 
outbound service to Atlantic City; inbound ser- 
vice from Atlantic City; bi-weekly sailings. 

Atlantic Transport Line ; Christian Street and Wash- 
ington Avenue, below Federal Street; outbound 
service to London ; inbound service from London ; 
semi-monthly sailings. 

Atlantic Fruit Company ; above Chestnut Street ; out- 
bound service to Jamaica and others; inbound ser- 
vice from Jamaica and others; weekly sailings. 

Austro-American Line ; Dock Street ; outbound ser- 
vice to Trieste, Fiume; inbound service from 
Trieste, Fiume; semi-monthly sailings. 

Bombay-American Line; Girard Point, Schuylkill 
River; inbound service from Bombay; monthly 
sailings. 

Clay Line; Noble Street and Girard Point, Schuyl- 
kill River; inbound service from Fowey; semi- 
monthly sailings. 

Clyde Line ; above Market Street ; outbound service 
to Norfolk, Newport News, New York; inbound 
service from Norfolk, Newport News, New York; 
bi-weekly sailings. 

Earn Line; Girard Point, Port Richmond, Green- 
wich Point; outbound service to West Indies; 
inbound service from West Indies; tramp sailings. 

Furness Line; Port Richmond and Noble Street; 
outbound service to Leith, Middlesboro, Glasgow; 
inbound service from Leith, Middlesboro, Glas- 
gow; semi-monthly sailings. 

Great Northern Paper Company; Vine Street; out- 
bound service to Stockton Springs, Me.; inbound 
service from Stockton Springs, Me.; monthly sail- 
ings. 

Hamburg-American Line; Christian Street and 
Washington Avenue; outbound service to Ham- 
burg; inbound service from Hamburg; bi-monthly 
sailings. 

134 



Hanes Line; Christian Street; inbound service from 
Calcutta; monthly sailings. 

Holland- America Line; Washington Avenue; out- 
bound service to Rotterdam ; inbound service from 
Rotterdam; sailings every three weeks. 

Italia Line; above Vine Street; outbound service to 
Naples, Genoa; inbound service from Naples, 
Genoa; sailings every three weeks. 

Luckenbach Steamship Company; above Reed 
Street; outbound service to San Francisco and 
Pacific Coast ports via Panama Canal; inbound 
service from San Francisco and Pacific Coast ports 
via Panama Canal; sailings every ten days. 

Manchester Line; Port Richmond; outbound service 
to Manchester; inbound service from Manchester, 
St. Johns, N. B.; bi-monthly sailings. 

Merchants' and Miners' Transportation Company; 
Spruce to Lombard Street; outbound service to 
Jacksonville, Savannah, Boston; inbound service 
from Jacksonville, Savannah, Boston; semi- weekly 
sailings. 

Munson Line; Port Richmond, Greenwich Point; 
irregular service; tramp sailings. 

North German Lloyd; Kenilworth Street; inbound 
service from Bremen; semi-monthly sailings. 

Philadelphia-New Orleans Transportation Company ; 
above Vine Street; outbound service to New 
Orleans, Charleston; inbound service from New 
Orleans, Charleston; weekly sailings. 

Philadelphia Transatlantic Line ; Willow Street and 
Port Richmond; outbound service to London; in- 
bound service from London; bi-weekly sailings. 

Quaker Line; Dock Street; outbound service to San 
Pedro, San Francisco, Seattle; inbound service 
from San Pedro, San Francisco, Seattle; semi- 
monthly sailings. 

Red Star Line; below Federal Street; outbound ser- 
vice to Antwerp, Dover; inbound service from 
Antwerp; bi-weekly sailings. 
135 



Scandinavian- American Line; Noble Street; out- 
bound service to Christiania, Copenhagen ; inbound 
service from Christiania, Copenhagen; monthly 
sailings. 

Sota and Azaar; Girard Point, Schuylkill River; 
inbound service from Spanish ports; occasional 
sailings. 

Southern Steamship Company; Christian Street; 
outbound service to Tampa, Key West, Jackson- 
ville, Charleston; inbound service from Tampa, 
Key West, Jacksonville, Charleston; bi-weekly 
sailings. 

Sweden and Norway Steamship Line ; Willow Street 
and below Neff Street; outbound service to Chris- 
tiania and Gothenburg; inbound service from 
Christiania and Gothenburg; monthly sailings. 

United Fruit Company ; above Arch Street; outbound 
service to Jamaica and West India ports; inbound 
service from Jamaica and West India ports; bi- 
weekly sailings. 

West Indies Importing Company; Race Street; out- 
bound service to Jamaica; inbound service from 
Jamaica; weekly sailings. 

OIL LINES 

Atlantic Refining Company; Point Breeze, Schuyl- 
kill River; outbound service to English and other 
European ports; inbound service from Sabine, 
Port Arthur, Texas; bi-weekly sailings. 

Gulf Refining Company; Gibson's Point, Schuylkill 
River; inbound service from Port Arthur, Texas; 
bi-weekly sailings. 

Pure Oil Company; Marcus Hook, Delaware River; 
outbound service to New York; bi-weekly sailings. 

Sun Company; Marcus Hook, Delaware River; out- 
bound service to English and other European 
ports; inbound service from Sabine, Texas; bi- 
weekly sailings. 

Texas Company; Marcus Hook, Delaware River; 
inbound service from Port Arthur, Texas ; bi-weekly 
sailings. — 

136 



LOCAL AND INLAND LINES 

Augustine Amusement Company; Arch Street; ser- 
vice between Philadelphia and Augustine Park; 
sailings three times a week. 

Bush Line; Race Street; service between Philadel- 
phia and Marcus Hook, Wilmington, New Castle; 
daily sailings. 

Chester Shipping Company; Arch Street; service 
between Philadelphia and Chester and intermedi- 
ate points; daily sailings. 

Delaware River Transportation Company; Chestnut 
Street; service between Philadelphia and Burling- 
ton, Bristol, Trenton and intermediate points; 
daily sailings. 

Denny Line; Arch Street; service between Philadel- 
phia and Pennsgrove; daily sailings. 

Dover and Philadelphia Navigation Company ; above 
Arch Street; service between Philadelphia and 
Bowers Beach, Lebanon and Dover; sailings three 
times a week. 

Ericsson Line; Chestnut Street; service between 
Philadelphia and Chester, Delaware City and 
Baltimore; daily sailings. 

Frederica and Philadelphia Navigation Company; 
Chestnut Street; service between Philadelphia and 
Bowers Beach and Frederica; sailings three times 
a week. 

Milf ord and Philadelphia Transportation Company ; 
Chestnut Street ; service between Philadelphia and 
Milf ord and intermediate points; sailings twice a 
week. 

Odessa Steamboat Company; Arch Street; service 
between Philadelphia and Fort Mott, Port Penn, 
Middleton and Odessa; sailings twice a week. 

Philadelphia, Rancocas and Mt. Holly Transportation 
Company; Arch Street; service between Philadel- 
phia and Rancocas, Mt. Holly and intermediate 
points; daily sailings. 

137 



Salem Freight Company; Arch Street; service be- 
tween Philadelphia and Billingsport, Pennsgrove, 
Pennsville and Salem; daily sailings. 

Smyrna Steamboat Company; Arch Street; service 
between Philadelphia and Smyrna and intermedi- 
ate points; sailings twice a week. 

Trenton Transportation Company; Race Street; ser- 
vice between Philadelphia and Trenton; daily 
sailings. 

Wilmington Steamboat Company; Chestnut Street; 
service between Philadelphia and Chester and 
Wilmington; daily sailings, 4 in winter, II in 
summer. 

Woodland Steamboat Company; Arch Street; service 
between Philadelphia and Chester, Pennsgrove, 
Augustine Park and Woodland Beach; sailings 
Sundays until July 4th, then daily until Labor 
Day. — See Port of Philadelphia. 

STENTON (HOTEL) 

Broad and Spruce Streets. 



STEPHEN GIRARD BUILDING 

Twelfth Street, north from Chestnut 
Street. Offices. This handsome office structure 
is owned by the Girard Estate, and stands upon 
the site first intended by Girard for his college. — 
See Girard, Stephen, and Girard Estate. 

STOCK EXCHANGE 

Walnut Street, west of Broad Street. Within 
the past year, the Stock Exchange has removed 
to its new twelve-story building in the imme- 
diate vicinity of the Broad Street group of clubs, 
hotels, and office structures. — See Stock Exchange 
Building. 

138 



STOCK EXCHANGE BUILDING 

Walnut Street, west from Broad Street. 
This modern financial and office building was com- 
pleted in 1915. It is owned by the Exchange. — 
See Stock Exchange and Board of Education. 

STRATHMORE (HOTEL) 

1208 Walnut Street. 

STRAWBERRY MANSION 

East Fairmount Park. This is one of the old- 
time structures existing from the period when all 
of the beautiful domain of the Park was composed 
of private estates. A good restaurant is main- 
tained. Strawberry Mansion may be reached by 
the cars of the Ridge Avenue line or by those of the 
Park electric line starting from the Belmont Ave- 
nue entrance. Consult conductor of latter line as 
to transfer en route, as alternate cars do not cross 
the river bridge. — See Fairmount Park. 

STRAWBRLDGE & CLOTHIER 

This was the first of the "large" stores of the 
city. The firm was formed in 1868 by Justus C. 
Strawbridge and Isaac C. Clothier and the busi- 
ness is now owned and conducted by the sons of 
the founders. The store that was opened at 
Eighth and Market Streets has spread north and 
west from that corner. The firm also owns a 
large wholesale building and warehouses else- 
where located. The members of the firm are 
identified with the Society of Friends. Straw- 
bridge & Clothier were pioneers in employees' 
relief and beneficial work. This welfare commu- 
nity of interest inures to develop the spirit of 
loyalty in all of the 5000 employees. The Straw- 
bridge & Clothier Chorus ranks among the fore- 
most of our musical organizations. The firm 
maintains an athletic field and gymnasium in the 

139 



suburbs. Upon the ground occupied by the retail 
store stood the home of Thomas Jefferson at the 
time of his incumbency of the office of Secretary 
of State. The third Masonic Hall was also located 
here, fronting on Filbert Street. — See Department 
Stores. 

STREET CAR SYSTEM 

The first street cars were operated in the city upon 
Fifth and Sixth Streets in 1858. The first electric 
cars were introduced in 1892. The lines of the 
Rapid Transit Company now extend to every 
suburb, but the spread of population has far out- 
run the existing facilities and the city is now ex- 
pending vast sums in the building of more sub- 
ways, elevated and surface lines. Single fares are 
five cents. These include "transfers" at many 
intersections, but at other points "exchanges" at 
eight cents are issued. Cars run north on streets 
with odd numbers and south on even numbers. — 
See Rapid Transit and Subways. 

STREETS 

Those extending north and south are numbered 
(from Second Street), with the exception of Dela- 
ware Avenue, Water, Front and Broad Streets. 
The latter takes the place of Fourteenth Street. 
Intersecting streets bear distinctive names. 
Street numbers read north and south from Market 
Street and westward from Delaware Avenue. An 
additional hundred begins at each intersection. 
There are 75 numbered blocks north and south 
and 63 westward. — See Street Car System and A rea. 

ST. PETER'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

Third and Pine Streets. This beautiful and 
historic church was founded by Christ Church. 
It was built in 1758-61 . The interior is especially 
interesting with its high-back pews. A chime of 
bells was presented to the church by Benjamin 
Wilcocks in 1842. — See Churches. 

140 



ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

Third Street below Walnut. Historic, dating 
from 1 761. The grave of Edwin Forrest may be 
seen at the right of the portal. — See Churches and 
Edwin Forrest, 



SUBWAYS 

Philadelphia's only existing passenger subway ex- 
tends under Market Street from Front Street to 
the Schuylkill River. A comprehensive system of 
subway, elevated and surface lines will, it is ex- 
pected, be developed within a few years. — See 
Rapid Transit. 



SUNDAY SCHOOLS 

There are in this city 750 Sunday Schools of all 
denominations, with 20,294 teachers and officers 
and 314,226 scholars, which includes 20,000 men 
in adult Bible Classes. When this army goes on 
parade, as is the case each year in September, it 
is an impressive sight. The American Sunday 
School Union is located at 1816 Chestnut Street. 
The leading adult Sunday School paper of the 
world — The Sunday School Times — is published 
at 1 03 1 Walnut Street. — See Churches. 



ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH 
Race Street east of Sixth. Built in 1808, this 
was the first English Lutheran church in the 
United States. In front of the church is the 
tomb of Gen. W. H. C. Bohlen, a gallant Union 
officer killed in 1862 at Freeman's Ford, Va. He 
was a son of Bohl Bohlen, a Philadelphia mer- 
chant. A son of General Bohlen is now the head 
of the great Krupp plant at Essen, Germany. — See 
Churches. 

141 



TAXES 

The tax rate for 191 6, collected by the city, is 
$1.00 per $100.00. The school tax, separately 
assessed, is at the rate of 50 cents per $100.00. 
According to the last census Philadelphia has a 
lower tax rate and a lower per capita tax rate 
than any other large city in the United States 
excepting Washington. The tax rates of Boston 
and New York City are more than double those 
of this city. — See City Government. 

TELEGRAPH, EVENING 

Week-day afternoon paper. 704 Chestnut Street. 
Established in 1864. 

TEXTILES, EARLY PRINTS 

Calicos were printed by Stewart, in German- 
town, and Thorburne & Son, at Darby, in 
1803. Still earlier, about 1788, John Hewson, a 
Revolutionary soldier, started a print works at 
Dyottville (Richmond, Philadelphia). In 1809, 
Thorp, Siddall & Co., of German town, made 
the first calicos from copper rolls. This was the 
beginning of the modern calico trade in America. 
— See "Miscellaneous Firsts." 

THANKSGIVING DAY 

In 1864 Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale, Editress of 
Godey's Lady's Book, at Philadelphia, proposed 
a "day of thanksgiving." The suggestion was 
approved by President Lincoln and he made it a 
national observance by proclamation. It is now 
recognized officially by both the National and the 
State Governments. 

THEATRES 

The first American theatre, the first native play 
and the oldest existing theatre in the United 
States (the Walnut, at Ninth and Walnut Streets) 
belong in the list of things Philadelphian. The 

142 



first motion picture show in the world was opened 
at the Bijou Theatre by Keith, twenty years ago. 
Theatres and "Movie" houses are now counted 
by the hundreds. The best of them will be found 
by consulting the daily papers. A few of those in 
central locations are mentioned in this book. — 
See Walnut Street Theatre and " Miscellaneous 
Firsts. 1 ' 

THE PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE 
ARTS 

Broad Street, north of Arch Street. The 
oldest art institution in America, founded in 1805. 
The original Academy building on Chestnut Street, 
west of Tenth Street, was occupied to 1870. The 
present building was dedicated in 1 876. Thorough 
instruction in art is given. There is an extensive 
collection of paintings and sculpture. Admission 
fee on week-days; free on Friday and Sunday 
afternoons. — See " Miscellaneous Firsts." 

TOYS FOR THE WORLD 

The largest exclusive toy factory in the world (A. 
Schcenhut Company) is located at Adams and 
Sepviva Streets. This factory is not only ship- 
ping toys to all parts of the United States, but 
to Great Britain, Continental Europe, South 
America, Australia and other remote communities 
where German toys were once supreme. 

TRADE AND MANUFACTURING ASSOCI- 
ATIONS 

Boot and Shoe Manufacturers' Association; 
Chinese Merchants' Association; Clothiers' Asso- 
ciation; Drug Exchange; Dry Goods and Milli- 
nery Association, Wholesale; Delaware River 
Transportation Association, Chestnut Street 
Wharf; Foundrymen's Association; Glass Bottlers 
and Blowers' Association; Lumbermen's Associa- 

143 



tion, Crozer Building; Master Builders' Exchange 
Seventh Street, above Chestnut Street; Morocco 
Manufacturers' Association; Oil Trade Associa- 
tion; Paper Trade Association; Paper Box Trade 
Association; Paper Stock Dealers' Association; 

Paint Club; Stationers' Association; Shoe Manu- 
facturers' Association. — See Philadelphia, the 

World's Greatest Workshop. 

TRADE PRESS 

Serial publications printed in the interest of a 
variety of industries are numerous in Philadelphia. 
Some of the more substantial are the American 
Carpet and Upholstery Journal, Automobile 
Trade Journal, Confectioners' Journal, Eastern 
Dealer in Implements and Vehicles, Medicinal 
Council, Musical World, Modern Merchant and 
Grocery World, National Baker, Shoe and Leather 
Facts, Trunks, Leather Goods and Umbrellas, 
Tobacco World, The Keystone, Camera Maga- 
zine, Commercial Car Journal, and the National 
Coopers' Journal. Some of these magazines have 
been established many years. Nearly all of them 
are members of the Philadelphia Trade Press Club. 
— See ''Publishing Firsts. 1 ' 

"U. G. I." 

The main office building of the United Gas Im- 
provement Company is at Broad and Arch Streets. 
The activities of this important corporation cover 
not only the gas supply of Philadelphia and a 
number of other cities, but also extensive electric 
interests. The show of modern lighting, heating 
and cooking appliances upon the main floor of 
the handsome building one square north of the 
City Hall is interesting to all visitors, suggesting, 
as it does, a great variety of kitchen and home 
conveniences and comforts, not to say economies, 
quite undreamed of by the housekeepers of days 
gone by. 

144 



UNION LEAGUE 

This dominant organization of Philadelphia's men 
of affairs originated at the end of 1 862 in a meeting 
held by patriotic citizens for the purpose of sus- 
taining the Union cause. The club occupied a 
spacious private house at 11 18 Chestnut Street 
(the site of which is now occupied by Keith's 
Theatre) until the completion of its present Broad 
Street building in 1865. In recent years, a modern 
addition has been carried through to Fifteenth 
Street. The "League" is one of Philadelphia's 
permanent institutions and becomes stronger 
with the years as a factor in the social and political 
affairs of the city and the nation. — See Civil War. 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT OFFICES 

These are chiefly located in the Federal Building, 
at Chestnut and Ninth Streets, the Custom House 
Building, Chestnut Street, west of Fourth Street, 
and in the Bourse. — See Federal Building. 

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

The story of this important centre of education 
dates from 1749, when the "Academy" was 
founded. This "first public school," however, ab- 
sorbed a "charity school " started ten years earlier. 
The "College Academy and Charitable School," 
established in 1750 through the efforts of Benjamin 
Franklin and chartered in 1755, was merged with 
the University (incorporated by the State) in 
1 79 1, under the title of "University of Pennsyl- 
vania." The original Academy building was upon 
Fourth Street below Arch Street. From 1798, the 
University was located on Ninth Street below Mar- 
ket Street. The present group of seventy build- 
ings in West Philadelphia was commenced prior 
to 1874. There are 117 acres in the _ Campus. 
Visitors to the University are specially interested 
in the Museum of Science and Art, the Library, 
the Zoological and Anatomical Collections and 

145 



the Gymnasium at Franklin Field. The dormi- 
tories are among the finest in America. 
Notable departments aside from the College are 
the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, 
Towne Scientific School, School of Education, 
Graduate School, Law School, Medical School, 
Dental School, and Veterinary School. 
The teaching staff of the University numbers 
above six hundred. There are enrolled 8069 
male and female students; of these 3223 are 
Philadelphians, 2468 are Pennsylvanians from 
outside of this city, 2147 come from twenty-four 
other States, and 221 are from foreign lands. 
Under a recent agreement the Jefferson Medical 
and Medico-Chirurgical Colleges are to merge 
with the University. The titles of these insti- 
tutions are to be preserved. The group thus 
formed will be under the control of the "United 
Medical Committee. ' ' The merger becomes effec- 
tive with the opening of the next college term. — 
See " Miscellaneous Firsts" Archaeology, Franklin 
Field, and Dentistry. 

U. S. S. "IDAHO," SUPERDREADNOUGHT 

This powerful coming addition to our navy is 
under construction at the plant of the New York 
Shipbuilding Company, Camden, N. J. It is one 
of three vessels of the "California" class now 
building and is about 53 per cent, completed. 
These fighters have clipper bows and but one 
smoke-stack. Each will cost $14,500,000. The 
battery consists of 12 fourteen-inch guns, fifty- 
eight feet long, 22 five-inch guns, four three-inch 
aero-guns and four torpedo tubes. The "Idaho" 
will be ready for business in 1918. 

VALLEY FORGE 

This shrine of the American patriot is distant 
from the centre of the city nineteen miles. It is 
reached by trains of the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railway, or by automobile over splendid roads and 

146 



through constantly beautiful suburban scenes. 
Valley Forge Park is a State Reservation, includ- 
ing the ground, about 450 acres, upon which the 
little army under Washington encamped in the 
winter of 17 77-' 78. All portions of the park are 
accessible over fine drives. The chief objects of 
interest are Washington's Headquarters, Wash- 
ington Inn, the several farm buildings occupied by 
the superior officers, the entrenchments, old 
School House (built by Letitia Penn), Wayne 
Monument National Arch and the Memorial 
Chapel. The view from the top of the iron ob- 
servation tower on Mount Joy is beautiful and 
extended. For the guidance ot visitors a direction 
dial points out places of interest and distances. 
Dinners and lunches may be had at the "Inn" 
near the railroad station. The number of visitors 
in 19 1 5 was 244,000. — See Philadelphia and Read- 
ing Railway and Auto Tours. 

VENDIG (HOTEL) 

Filbert and Thirteenth Streets. 



WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 

Montgomery Avenue and Seventeenth Street. 
Founded by Prof. William Wagner in 1855, this 
institution provides an extensive library, museum 
and annual course of free lectures upon scientific 
and popular topics. 

WALNUT STREET THEATRE 

Walnut and Ninth Streets. This, the oldest 
and most famous of American theatres, is still a 
popular place of entertainment. Its management 
celebrated the centennial of its beginning in 1909. 
The histrionic careers of many celebrated actors 
and "stars" commenced under the old roof of the 
"Walnut." 

147 



WALTON (HOTEL) 

Broad and Locust Streets. 

WANAMAKER STORE 

The calendar of John Wanamaker, as a merchant 
in Philadelphia, reads as follows: 
1 86 1 — Began business at Sixth and Market Streets. 
1876 — Occupied the old freight station of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Thirteenth 
and Market Streets. 

1883 — Acquired the last item of property which 
gave him possession of the entire block. 
1902 — Began the work of building a new store. 
191 1 — Completion of the entire store, from Market 
to Chestnut Street, celebrated by a Golden Jubi- 
lee. The dedicatory address was delivered by 
President William H. Taft. The floor space in 
this new store covers nearly 45 acres. 
Here, in this vast marble palace of retailing, eight 
thousand salespeople attend upon the wishes of 
a multitude of shoppers and visitors per diem. At 
the Wanamaker Store in New York the business is 
of like magnitude. Special features of the Wana- 
maker Store include: 

The great organ in the grand court : daily recitals 
from 9 to 11 A.M. and 4.45 to 5.15 p.m.; Egyptian 
Hall; Greek Hall; Moorish Room; Byzantine 
Chamber, and Empire Salon. The Wanamaker 
Musical Organization — which includes a chorus 
and choral society, the Military Band, Junior Boys' 
Military Band, Boys' Bugle Corps, Girls' Bugle 
Corps and an orchestra; Military — the First Regi- 
ment J. W. C. I., six companies ; Educational — the 
John Wanamaker Commercial Institute and the 
American University of Trade and Applied Com- 
merce; an athletic "playground" upon the roof, 
provided with a running track, tennis and basket- 
ball courts. One may talk with friends upon far 
ships over the Wanamaker wireless system. 
The largest private branch telephone exchange in 

148 



the world is located in the Philadelphia Wana- 
maker Store, where 2024 telephones were required 
to take care of 1 ,833,823 messages in the year 19 15. 
Visitors' Headquarters and guides will be found on 
the eighth floor. — See Department Stores. 

WASHINGTON EQUESTRIAN MONUMENT 
East Fairmount Park, Green Street En- 
trance. This superb bronze memorial, the largest 
in America, was dedicated by the Society of 
the Cincinnati in 1897, President McKinley offi- 
ciating. Its height is 44 feet. The cost was about 
$250,000. — See Fairmount Park, 

WASHINGTON SQUARE 

Sixth to Seventh Street and south of 
Walnut Street. The old "South East Square," 
for long a potter's field, a burial place for those 
soldier patriots who perished in the gloomy prison 
hard-by; then, in later times, a fashionable resi- 
dential centre; still later, a busy hive of the 
lawyers, this old square has come to a new chapter. 
The Curtis and Penn Mutual Buildings, the 
Lippincotts and the Farm Journal have set the 
pace for great things which will make this ground 
an honor to the name by which, for nearly a cen- 
tury, it has been known. — See Curtis Publishing 
Company, Penn Mutual, Farm Journal and Lip- 
pincott. 

WESTERN SAVING FUND SOCIETY 

Tenth and Walnut Streets. 
Incorporated in 1847. A total of 64,235 persons 
have on deposit with this Society the sum of 
$36,481,427.01, as shown by the report of January 
1, 1916. — See Saving Fund Societies. 

WEST END TRUST BUILDING 

Southwest corner of Broad Street and 
South Penn Square. 

149 



WEST PHILADELPHIA 

This is the designation of all that portion of the 
city which is west of the Schuylkill River. Its 
present population includes nearly, or quite, 
twenty per cent, of the whole. Although it 
contains many large industries, it is essentially a 
residential district, built upon modern architect- 
ural lines. Its growth, in recent years, has been 
most rapid. West Philadelphia, regarded as a 
distinctive community, is called "the third 
largest city in Pennsylvania." 

WHERE VISITORS VISIT 

The Bureau of City Property supplies figures (see 
Wanamaker Diary) which show that nearly 
2,500,000 persons visited the following buildings 
and places in IQ15: 

University of Pennsylvania, 100,000. U. S. Mint, 
100,000. Academy of Natural Sciences, 128,000. 
Zoological Garden, 174,000. Academy of the Fine 
Arts, 182,000. Commercial Museums, 379,000. 
Memorial Hall, 400,000. Independence Hall, 
962,000. — See special articles upon the above build- 
ings and places. 

WIDENER (JOSEPHINE H.) MEMORIAL 
LIBRARY 

Broad Street and Girard Avenue. This 
palatial building was devised to the city by Mr. 
Peter A. B. Widener as a memorial to his wife. 
It is administered as a part of the Free Library 
system. — See Free Library. 

WILLOW GROVE PARK 

This famous pleasure resort is in Montgomery 
County, fourteen miles from City Hall. It is 
maintained by the Rapid Transit Company. It 
is reached via electric cars or automobile out Old 
York Road, or upon frequent local trains, from the 
Reading Terminal Station. Willow Grove Park 
150 



provides not only a wide variety of amusement 
features, but afternoon and evening concerts by 
military bands of national reputation. A summer 
evening, in this lovely refuge from the city's heat, 
is a glimpse into fairyland. — See Auto Tours. 

WINDSOR (HOTEL) 
12 1 7 Filbert Street. 

WHITEMARSH VALLEY COUNTRY CLUB 

Near Chestnut Hill. 

— See Golf. 
WILDWOOD, N. J. 

Upon the lower^ New Jersey coast, eighty miles 
from Philadelphia, Wildwood occupies Five Mile 
Beach, and has a large resident population. It is 
widely known as a summer resort. Numerous 
excellent hotels are open throughout the year. — 
See Seashore Resorts. 

WILLIAM PENN 

More than two centuries ago, a British king, who 
had wrested certain lands in America from Hol- 
land, ceded them to the son of one of his admirals, 
as a convenient way of discharging a personal 
debt. 

The young owner of this distant, unknown terri- 
tory, which the king named "Pennsylvania," was 
an idealist endowed, however, with that great 
quality which makes dreams come true. 
He forthwith planned a city on paper and began 
to advertise it. These advertisements came out of 
a clear head, a fair mind and a kind heart, and 
they had great "pulling power." Men who de- 
sired liberty, opportunity, peace and brotherly 
love were attracted by the description and the 
name of Philadelphia. 

On October 29, 1682, William Penn and a goodly 
company of men and women, who were weary of 
151 



old-world ways and wars, landed from the ship 
"Welcome" and proceeded to establish their 
"Greene Country Town" between the Schuylkill 
and the Delaware. 

A period of activity and prosperity at once set in ; 
many houses were built ; many industries started ; 
most liberal laws were enacted, and treaties were 
made with the original Indian owners of the soil, 
which were to become famous for all time because 
of "unbroken faith." Happy days these, for the 
inhabitants of Philadelphia and their liberty- 
loving leader, whose aim was to "put the power in 
the people" and who declared that "planting 
colonies is great and glorious work." 
The experiment, however, soon met difficulties. 
A king had arisen who knew not William, and 
Penn was recalled to England to struggle lor his be- 
loved province and city. His title was reaffirmed 
in 1694, but the new century was dawning before 
the Proprietor could again visit the land where he 
hoped to spend the remainder of his days among a 
busy and happy people. At this visit, he found 
some 5000 inhabitants living in 700 houses. , He 
located his own home far up the Delaware. For 
a brief period all was peaceful and prosperous, but 
unkindly fate still pursued, and after a two years' 
sojourn, Penn was obliged to return again to 
England, where persecution, imprisonment and 
death awaited him. 

Such was the man Penn — the path-finder, the 
home-maker, the state-builder, whose statue to- 
day looks down on millions who have easier lives 
and better homes because of his brave and life- 
long struggle for civilization, liberty and humanity. 
And such is the City of Philadelphia, built on 
Penn's broad and deep foundation, busy and happy 
to-day — "the workshop of the world — the work- 
shop of the nation" — offering a hearty welcome 
to all who come within its borders. — See Genesis 
of Philadelphia. 

152 



WISSAHICKON 

The romantic valley of the Wissahickon stream 
is included in Fairmount Park for a distance of 
seven miles. A park drive parallels the stream. 
It is closed to automobiles in the upper section. 
— See Fairmount Park. 

WITHERSPOON BUILDING 

Walnut Street, east of Broad Street. Offices. 

WOODSIDE PARK 

This is a popular amusement park upon the west- 
ern borders of Fairmount Park. It is conveniently 
reached by the Park electric cars starting from 
Belmont Avenue Station. — See Fairmount Park. 

WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE 

At the last election eight wards gave a majority 
in favor of "Votes for Women"; forty wards 
opposed it. Those in favor of the cause were the 
most important and progressive residential wards. 
This fact reveals the intelligent character of the 
aggressive element engaged in this movement in 
Philadelphia. 

YACHTSMEN'S CLUB 
1300 Walnut Street. 

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

The Central Branch occupies a spacious building 
upon Arch Street west of Broad Street. A phys- 
ical training department is conducted here. 
Branch Y. M. C. A.'s are located as follows: 
North Branch, 1013 West Lehigh Avenue. 
West Branch, Fifty-second and Sansom Streets. 
South West Branch, 1720 Christian Street. 
Naval Branch, Thirteenth and Shunk Streets. 
Penna. R. R. Branch, Forty-first Street and West- 
minster Avenue. 

Philadelphia & Reading R. R. Branch, Ninth and 
Spring Garden Streets. 

153 



YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 

Arch and Eighteenth Streets. Many young 
women find here a comfortable home under Chris- 
tian influences. Many stranger girls coming to 
the city are cared for until they can secure work 
and safe abiding places elsewhere. 

ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN 

West of the Schuylkill River, south from 
Main Park Entrance at Girard Avenue. 
The Zoological Society was incorporated in 1859. 
The garden and collection were first opened to 
the public July 1, 1874. Admission prices are 25 
cents for adults and 10 cents for children, with 
the exception that, on Saturdays, the charge is 10 
cents for adults and 5 cents for children. This 
applies also to all holidays excepting the Fourth 
of July. The garden _ is open on Sundays. An 
annual city appropriation is made under which the 
children of public schools are admitted free at 
stated times. The city is represented upon the 
Board of Managers by two members of Councils. 



98 







w 






"*o>* 






& '"W c : 
























> •^•° A %. •* & % •" 




o. 






WERT ~ll 

BOOKBINDING U 

Grantville Pd H 
JUtV • AUG 1989 



